Rig Veda 9.52.4: Mandala 9, Sukta 52, Mantra 4

Sukta 9.52

Devata: Soma Pavamāna

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

नि शुष्ममिन्दवेषां पुरुहूत जनानाम् । यो अस्माँ आदिदेशति ॥

Transliteration

ní śúṣmam indav eṣā́ṃ púru-hūta jánānām | yó asmā́ṃ ā́dídeśati ||

Translation

Lay low, O Indu, the force of those peoples—O much-invoked one—who would point at us to harm and command against us.

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Word by Word

• नि: down; into; forth (as preverb)
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (upasarga) / ni-

• शुष्मम्: impulse; vigor; might
• शुष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म (prātipadika)

• इन्दो: O Indu (Soma)
• इन्दो: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्दु (prātipadika)

• एषाम्: of these
• एषाम्: Śeṣa (genitive: of)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (sarvanāman-prātipadika)

• पुरुहूत: O much-invoked one
• पुरुहूत: Sambodhana
• Type: Adjective (vocative)
• Root: पुरुहूत (prātipadika; bahuvrīhi/karmadhāraya epithet)

• जनानाम्: of peoples; of men
• जनानाम्: Śeṣa (genitive: of)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (prātipadika)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• अस्मान्: us
• अस्मान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (pronoun)

• आ: towards; unto (as preverb)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā-

• दिदेशति: points out; directs; indicates
• दिदेशति: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दिश् (दिशँ) ‘to point out, show, direct’