Rig Veda 9.48.2: Mandala 9, Sukta 48, Mantra 2

Sukta 9.48

Devata: Soma (Pavamāna)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

संवृक्तधृष्णुमुक्थ्यं महामहिव्रतं मदम् । शतं पुरो रुरुक्षणिम् ॥

Transliteration

saṃvṛ́kta-dhṛṣṇum ukthyàṃ mahā́mahi-vrataṃ mádam | śatáṃ púro rurukṣáṇim ||

Translation

Purified and bold, worthy of the hymn, the ecstasy of vast and mighty law—guarding a hundred fronts of the being against assault.

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Word by Word

• संवृक्त: well-mixed, thoroughly blended
• संवृक्त: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: सम् + वृज्/वृञ्ज् (to mix, to blend) → kṛdanta pp. संवृक्त-

• धृष्णुम्: bold, impetuous
• धृष्णुम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृष्णु- (prātipadika from √धृष् ‘to dare/be bold’)

• उक्थ्यम्: worthy of hymns/praise
• उक्थ्यम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्थ्य- (from उक्थ ‘hymn, praise’; adjectival)

• महामहिव्रतम्: of very great/mighty observance
• महामहिव्रतम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महामहिव्रत- (compound: महा + महि + व्रत ‘great-mighty vow/observance’)

• मदम्: exhilaration, rapture (of Soma)
• मदम्: कर्म (object—‘(they produce/bring) exhilaration’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद- (prātipadika; ‘intoxication, exhilaration, rapture’)

• शतम्: a hundred
• शतम्: विशेषण (quantifier)
• Type: Adjective/Numeral
• Root: शत- (numeral prātipadika)

• पुरः: in front, before
• पुरः: अधिकरण/देश (locative sense: ‘in front/before’)
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: पुरस्/पुरः (indeclinable/adverb ‘before, in front’; also acc. pl. of पुर ‘fort’ in other contexts; here adverbial ‘before’)

• रुरुक्षणिम्: shining, flashing (radiant)
• रुरुक्षणिम्: विशेषण (of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुरुक्षणि- (intensive/desiderative-type formation from √रुक्ष्/√रुह्? Vedic ‘to shine/flash, be bright’; lexicalized adj. ‘bright, shining’)