Rig Veda 8.86.5: Mandala 8, Sukta 86, Mantra 5

Sukta 8.86

Rishi: Viśvaka

Devata: Savitṛ (Savitā)

Chandas: Jagatī (12-syllable cadence typical for longer pādas; refrain-like closing)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ऋतेन देवः सविता शमायत ऋतस्य शृङ्गमुर्विया वि पप्रथे । ऋतं सासाह महि चित्पृतन्यतो मा नो वि यौष्टं सख्या मुमोचतम् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.86.5

Transliteration

ṛtena devaḥ savitā śamāyate ṛtasya śṛṅgam urviyā vi paprathe | ṛtaṃ sasāha mahi cit pṛtanyato mā no vi yauṣṭaṃ sakhyā mumocatam ||

Translation

By the Truth-Order the god Savitṛ grows calm and brings peace; the horn of Ṛta he has spread wide in its vastness. He has conquered for us the Ṛta even against the mighty who strive in battle—let him not loosen our fellowship, let him not release us from comradeship.

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Word by Word

• ऋतेन: by/with ṛta (cosmic order, truth)
• ऋतेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक) / √ऋ (to go, to fit; semantic base of ṛta ‘cosmic order’)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• सविता: Savitṛ
• सविता: कर्तृ (देवः सविता = apposition)
• Type: Noun (proper/theonym)
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• शमायत: brought peace / made well-being
• शमायत: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शम् (to be calm/benefit; ‘to bring peace’)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta
• ऋतस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• शृङ्गम्: horn; peak; summit
• शृङ्गम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शृङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)

• उर्विया: with broadness / widely
• उर्विया: करण
• Type: Noun/Adjective (f.)
• Root: उर्वी (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth, widely
• वि: (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पप्रथे: has spread/expanded
• पप्रथे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √प्रथ् (to spread, expand)

• ऋतम्: ṛta
• ऋतम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (प्रातिपदिक)

• सासाह: has conquered / has prevailed
• सासाह: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सह् (to overcome, prevail)

• महि: greatly, mightily
• महि: (modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: महि (अव्यय; from मह्/महन् ‘great’)

• चित्: indeed, even
• चित्: (modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (अव्यय)

• पृतन्यतः: of the battling/contending one (enemy)
• पृतन्यतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive dependent on following pronoun/negation phrase)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: पृतन्यत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक; from √पृतन्/पृतन्य् ‘to fight, contend’)

• मा: do not
• मा: (prohibition marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध-अव्यय)

• नः: us / for us
• नः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (for us / of us; context ‘against us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• वि: apart, asunder
• वि: (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यौष्टम्: you two should not separate/unyoke (us)
• यौष्टम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √युज्/√योज् (to yoke, join; Vedic caus./desid. nuance possible)

• सख्या: friendship, alliance
• सख्या: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• मुमोचतम्: you two have released / let loose
• मुमोचतम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मुच् (to release, let go)