Rig Veda 8.40.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 40, Mantra 3

Sukta 8.40

Rishi: Nabhāka (traditional)

Devata: Indrāgnī

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; needs metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ता हि मध्यं भराणामिन्द्राग्नी अधिक्षितः । ता उ कवित्वना कवी पृच्छ्यमाना सखीयते सं धीतमश्नुतं नरा नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.40.3

Transliteration

tā́ hí mádhyaṃ bhárāṇām indrā́gnī adhikṣitáḥ | tā́ u kavitvanā́ kavī́ pṛcchyámānā sakhīyaté sáṃ dhītám aśnutaṃ nárā nábhantām anyaké samé ||

Translation

For those two, Indra and Agni, are established in the middle of the onrushes and burdens. Those two seer-powers, by their poetry and vision, questioned and befriended, attain the joined thought; O heroes, may the others be scattered in the same field.

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Word by Word

• तौ: those two (they)
• तौ: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• मध्यम्: the middle; the midst
• मध्यम्: कर्म / अधिकरण (अर्थानुसार)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• भराणाम्: of the bearers/supports; of the offerings (contextual)
• भराणाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘भरण’/‘भर’ = bearing, support; also ‘भरा’ as ‘offerings’ in Vedic usage)

• इन्द्राग्नी: O Indra and Agni
• इन्द्राग्नी: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: इन्द्र + अग्नि (समासः: द्वन्द्व)

• अधिक्षितः: dwelling over; presiding
• अधिक्षितः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective / Participle
• Root: अधि + क्षि (धातु ‘क्षि’ = dwell, rule) → ‘अधिक्षित’ (कृदन्त-विशेषण)

• तौ: those two
• तौ: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उ: and, also
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• कवित्वना: by poetic skill; with poethood
• कवित्वना: करण
• Type: Noun (instrumental abstract)
• Root: कवित्व (प्रातिपदिक) < कवि

• कवी: the two poets/sages
• कवी: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृच्छ्यमाना: being asked; when questioned
• पृच्छ्यमाना: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्रच्छ् (धातु ‘प्रच्छ्’ = ask) → पृच्छ्यमान (वर्तमान-कर्तरि/कर्मणि कृदन्त; here passive)

• सखीयते: becomes friendly; is allied
• सखीयते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: सखी (प्रातिपदिक) + य (धातु ‘या/इ’ with denominative/causative-like formation) → सखीयते (आत्मनेपद)

• सम्: together; completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• धीतम्: the hymn/thought
• धीतम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun / Past participle used as noun
• Root: धी (प्रातिपदिक ‘धीत’ = thought, hymn; or √धी ‘to think’)

• अश्नुतम्: attain (you two)
• अश्नुतम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (धातु ‘अश्’ = attain, reach)

• नरा: O two men/heroic ones
• नरा: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• नभन्ताम्: let them shine forth / let them burst forth
• नभन्ताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: नभ् (धातु ‘नभ्’ = burst forth, shine; in Vedic also ‘to cloud/cover’ depending on context)

• अन्यके: in another (place/way); elsewhere
• अन्यके: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective / Pronoun-like
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + -क (प्रत्यय) → अन्यक

• समे: in the level place; in union/evenness
• समे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun / Adjective used adverbially
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)