Rig Veda 8.30.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 30, Mantra 4

Sukta 8.30

Devata: Viśve Devāḥ; with special mention of Vaiśvānara (universal Agni-force)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ये देवास इह स्थन विश्वे वैश्वानरा उत । अस्मभ्यं शर्म सप्रथो गवेऽश्वाय यच्छत ॥

Transliteration

yé devāsa ihá sthána víśve vaiśvānarā utá | asmábhyaṃ śárma saprátho gáve ’śvā́ya yacchata ||

Translation

You gods who are here—All, and the Vaiśvānara powers as well—grant to us a shelter wide and firm, and give the rays of increase: for our light (cattle) and for our energies (horses).

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Word by Word

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवासः: gods
• देवासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)

• स्थन: stand / be present
• स्थन: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)

• विश्वे: all
• विश्वे: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• वैश्वानराः: Vaiśvānara-s (universal ones; epithet of the gods/Agni-type)
• वैश्वानराः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वैश्वानर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘belonging to all men/people’, epithet)

• उत: and / also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत (अव्यय)

• अस्मभ्यम्: to us
• अस्मभ्यम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शर्म: shelter, protection, comfort
• शर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सप्रथः: broad, ample
• सप्रथः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-प्रथ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘broad, widely-extended’)

• गवे: for cattle
• गवे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• अश्वाय: for horses
• अश्वाय: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• यच्छत: grant, bestow
• यच्छत: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (धातु; ‘to give/extend/offer’)