Rig Veda 7.33.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 33, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.33

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Indra (with focus on brahman/chant efficacy)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (with mention of śakvarī as a chant/meter-form within performance)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जुष्टी नरो ब्रह्मणा वः पितॄणामक्षमव्ययं न किला रिषाथ । यच्छक्वरीषु बृहता रवेणेन्द्रे शुष्ममदधाता वसिष्ठाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.33.4

Transliteration

júṣṭī naro bráhmaṇā vaḥ pitṝṇā́m ákṣam avyáyaṃ ná kilā riṣātha | yác chakvarī́ṣu bṛhatā́ ravéṇéndre śúṣmam ádad hātā vasiṣṭhāḥ ||

Translation

Men, you were beloved for your fathers’ brahman; you did not, indeed, injure the imperishable axle (the steadfast law). When in the śakvarī measures, with a vast cry, you set the force in Indra, O Vasiṣṭhas.

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Word by Word

• जुष्टी: favour, gracious acceptance
• जुष्टी: Kartā (वाक्ये ‘जुष्टी’ कर्तृवत्—‘अनुग्रह/प्रसाद’ विषयः) अथवा विशेष्य-भावे
• Type: Noun
• Root: जुष्टि- (प्रातिपदिक; √जुष् ‘सेव्/तुष्’ से भाव) अथवा जुष्टि- ‘अनुग्रह/प्रसाद/सेवा’

• नरः: men, heroes
• नरः: Kartā (सम्बोधन/उद्देश्य-समूहः) अथवा ‘वः’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यः
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर-

• ब्रह्मणा: by/with sacred hymn (prayer)
• ब्रह्मणा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्-

• वः: of you, your
• वः: Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘you/your’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्- (सर्वनाम)

• पितॄणाम्: of the Fathers (ancestors)
• पितॄणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive) — ‘of the fathers/ancestors’
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ-

• अक्षमम्: unassailable, not to be harmed
• अक्षमम्: Karma (रिषाथ इत्यस्य कर्म-भावे ‘(किमपि) अक्षमम्… न रिषाथ’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अक्षम- (अ- + क्षम ‘able’)

• अव्ययम्: imperishable, undecaying
• अव्ययम्: Karma (विशेषण-सम्बन्धेन) अथवा गुण-निर्देशः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यय- (अ- + व्यय ‘decay’)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• किल: indeed, surely
• किल: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: किल

• रिषाथ: you have harmed / you would harm
• रिषाथ: क्रिया (कर्तृ = ‘यूयम्’ नरो/वः) ; कर्म = ‘अक्षमम् अव्ययम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रिष् (हिंसार्थे/क्षतौ)

• यत्: when/that (because)
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable/Relative
• Root: यद्- (सर्वनाम) / यत् (सम्बन्ध-निपातः)

• शक्वरीषु: in the Śakvarī (metres/verses)
• शक्वरीषु: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान/विषय—‘शक्वरीषु’ = ‘in the śakvarī verses’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्वरी- (छन्दो/स्तुति-विशेषः; ‘शक्वरी’ नाम छन्दः/ऋचः)

• बृहता: with great, lofty
• बृहता: Karaṇa (रवेण सह) / गुण-निर्देशः
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहन्त्-

• रवेण: with a roar/cry (loud sound)
• रवेण: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रव-

• इन्द्रे: in/for Indra
• इन्द्रे: Adhikaraṇa (आश्रय/विषय—‘in/for Indra’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र-

• शुष्मम्: might, vigor
• शुष्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म-

• अदधाता: they placed/put (bestowed)
• अदधाता: क्रिया; कर्तृ = ‘वसिष्ठाः’; कर्म = ‘शुष्मम्’; अधिकरण = ‘इन्द्रे’
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (धारणे/स्थापने)

• वसिष्ठाः: the Vasiṣṭhas (Vasiṣṭha seers)
• वसिष्ठाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसिष्ठ- (ऋषि-नाम)