Rig Veda 7.2.5: Mandala 7, Sukta 2, Mantra 5

Sukta 7.2

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Agni (implicit as the newborn/established fire); supportive powers (the ‘two mothers’)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स्वाध्यो वि दुरो देवयन्तोऽशिश्रयू रथयुर्देवताता । पूर्वी शिशुं न मातरा रिहाणे समग्रुवो न समनेष्वञ्जन् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.2.5

Transliteration

svā́dhyo ví dúro deva-yánto ’śiśrayu ratha-yúr deva-tātā | pū́rvī́ śíśuṃ ná mā́tarā rihāṇé sám agrúvo ná sámanéṣv añjan ||

Translation

Self-mastered, the god-seeking ones open wide the doors; they take their stand, eager for the divine advent. As two mothers lick their newborn child, so the ancient powers foster him; as singers in their assemblies, they anoint and set him in harmony.

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Word by Word

• स्वाध्यः: self-impelled, self-energetic
• स्वाध्यः: Kartā (अग्निः/देवः—अध्याहृतः) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्य (प्रातिपदिक; स्व + अध्य) अथवा स्वाधी (स्वाधी-)

• वि: apart, asunder, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• दुरः: doors, gates
• दुरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्/द्वार (प्रातिपदिक: द्वार-; वैदिक रूप: दुरः)

• देवयन्तः: seeking the gods, god-ward
• देवयन्तः: Kartā (यजमानाः/ऋत्विजः) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: देवय् (धातु; ‘देवयति’ = देवकाम/देवपूजक) → वर्तमान कृदन्त

• अशिश्रयुः: they have taken refuge/they have resorted
• अशिश्रयुः: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रि (धातु) + उपसर्ग आ-; लिट् (परिपूर्ण/वैदिक परोक्ष) रूप

• रथयुः: charioteers; those yoked to the chariot
• रथयुः: Kartā (देवयन्तः… रथयवः = वही कर्तृसमूह) / विशेषण
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: रथयु (प्रातिपदिक; रथ + यु ‘यु’ = युक्त/युज्-संबद्ध)

• देवताता: divinity; the state/power of the gods
• देवताता: Kartā/भाववाचक (वाक्ये ‘देवताता’ = देवत्व/देवसम्बन्धः—अध्याहृतं ‘अस्ति/भवति’)
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: देवताता (प्रातिपदिक; देवता + -ता/ताति ‘देवत्व/देवसम्बन्ध’)

• पूर्वीः: former, earlier; many (of old)
• पूर्वीः: Kartā (मातरः) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• शिशुम्: infant, child
• शिशुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिशु (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• मातरः: mothers
• मातरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• रिहाणे: licking, fondling (with licking)
• रिहाणे: Kartā (मातरौ—द्वे) / विशेषण
• Type: Participle
• Root: रिह् (धातु ‘लिह्/रिह्’ = चाटयति/लिहति) → वर्तमान कृदन्त (आत्मने)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अग्रुवः: foremost ones, leaders (as a troop)
• अग्रुवः: Kartā (उपमान-कर्तृ) / विशेषण
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अग्रु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अग्रु’ = अग्रे गच्छन्/अग्रगामी; वैदिक जन/समूह-नाम)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• समनेषु: in assemblies, in encounters
• समनेषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: समन (प्रातिपदिक; ‘समन’ = सभा/समागम/युद्ध-समागम)

• अञ्जन्: they anointed/adorned; they smeared
• अञ्जन्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: अञ्ज् (धातु; ‘अञ्जति’ = अञ्जनं करोति/अलङ्करोति/लेपयति) ; लुङ्/इम्पर्फेक्ट वैदिक रूप