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Mantra 12

Sukta 7.104

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for Maṇḍala 7; hymn 7.104 in the Vasiṣṭha corpus)
Devata: Soma (as truth-supporting power) with an implicit Indraic/rakṣas-destroying horizon in the surrounding verses
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (predominant meter of RV 7.104; this verse conforms to the triṣṭubh movement)

सुविज्ञानं चिकितुषे जनाय सच्चासच्च वचसी पस्पृधाते । तयोर्यत्सत्यं यतरदृजीयस्तदित्सोमोऽवति हन्त्यासत् ॥

सु॒वि॒ज्ञा॒नं चि॑कि॒तुषे॒ जना॑य॒ सच्चास॑च्च॒ वच॑सी पस्पृधाते । तयो॒र्यत्स॒त्यं य॑त॒रदृजी॑य॒स्तदित्सोमो॑ऽवति॒ हन्त्यास॑त् ॥

suvijñānáṃ cíkituṣe jánāya sác cā́sac ca vácasī paspṛdhāte | táyor yát satyáṃ yátarád ṛ́jīyas tád ít sómo ’vati hánty ásat ||

To the discerning human being the clear knowledge becomes possible: the word of the True and the word of the untrue contend within. Of the two, whatever is truth, whatever is straighter and more right-going—that Soma upholds; and he strikes down the falsehood.

सु॒ऽवि॒ज्ञा॒नम् । चि॒कि॒तुषे॑ । जना॑य । सत् । च॒ । अस॑त् । च॒ । वच॑सी॒ इति॑ । प॒स्पृ॒धा॒ते॒ इति॑ । तयोः॑ । यत् । स॒त्यम् । य॒त॒रत् । ऋजी॑यः । तत् । इत् । सोमः॑ । अ॒व॒ति॒ । हन्ति॑ । अस॑त् ॥सुविज्ञानम् । चिकितुषे । जनाय । सत् । च । असत् । च । वचसी इति । पस्पृधाते इति । तयोः । यत् । सत्यम् । यतरत् । ऋजीयः । तत् । इत् । सोमः । अवति । हन्ति । असत् ॥su-vijñānam | cikituṣe | janāya | sat | ca | asat | ca | vacasī iti | paspṛdhāteiti | tayoḥ | yat | satyam | yatarat | ṛjīyaḥ | tat | it | somaḥ | avati | hanti | asat

सुविज्ञानम्good discernment, clear knowledge
सुविज्ञानम्:
कर्म (of चिकीटुषे: ‘knowing/understanding’)
TypeNoun
Rootसु- + विज्ञान (√ज्ञा ‘to know’ > विज्ञान ‘knowledge, discernment’)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चिकीटुषेto/for the discerning one
चिकीटुषे:
सम्प्रदान (to/for the one who understands)
TypeVerb (participial form used substantively)
Root√चित्/√चिकित् (Vedic: ‘to perceive, notice, understand’)
जनायto a person, to the people
जनाय:
सम्प्रदान (to/for the person/people)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (prātipadika ‘people, man’)
सत्the true/real
सत्:
कर्म (object within the pair ‘sat…asat’)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootसत् (from √अस् ‘to be’ > sat ‘being, true’)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असत्the untrue/unreal
असत्:
कर्म (object within the pair ‘sat…asat’)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootअसत् (a- + sat) (from √अस्)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वचसीtwo utterances/speeches
वचसी:
कर्तृ (of पस्पृधाते: ‘two speeches contend’)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (prātipadika ‘word, speech’)
पस्पृधातेthe two contend/vie
पस्पृधाते:
क्रिया (main verb: ‘they two contend’)
TypeVerb
Root√स्पृध् ‘to contend, vie, quarrel’
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of those two’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (pronoun)
यत्that which
यत्:
कर्म/विषय (relative: ‘that which…’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (relative pronoun)
सत्यम्truth, the true
सत्यम्:
विशेष्य/विषय (predicate-content: ‘(is) true’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसत्य (from sat + -ya)
यत्that which
यत्:
कर्म/विषय (relative: ‘and that which…’)
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
तरत्more (so), rather
तरत्:
विशेषण (qualifies the second ‘that which is more…’)
TypeAdjective (comparative) used predicatively
Rootतर (comparative base from √तॄ/√तॄ ‘to cross, surpass’ > ‘more, further’; Vedic comparative usage) অথবা तर (comparative suffix -तर)
ऋजीयःmore straight, more right
ऋजीयः:
विशेषण (qualifies: ‘more straight/right’)
TypeAdjective (comparative)
Rootऋजु/ऋजि (prātipadika ‘straight, right’; Vedic comparative/superlative-type in -īyas)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म/विषय (resumptive: ‘that…’)
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
इत्indeed, just
इत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत् (emphatic particle)
सोमःSoma
सोमः:
कर्तृ (of अवति) तथा (of हन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (prātipadika; deity/plant/pressed juice)
अवतिhelps, protects
अवति:
क्रिया (main verb: ‘helps’)
TypeVerb
Root√अव् ‘to help, protect, favor’
हन्तिslays
हन्ति:
क्रिया (co-ordinate: ‘slays’)
TypeVerb
Root√हन् ‘to strike, slay’
असत्the false/untrue
असत्:
कर्म (what is slain: ‘the untrue’)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअसत् (a- + sat) (from √अस्)