Rig Veda 6.18.2 — Mandala 6, Sukta 18, Mantra 2

Sukta 6.18

Rishi: Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya (traditional attribution for RV 6.18 within the Bharadvāja maṇḍala)

Devata: Indra (as the victorious power that breaks obstruction and releases the light)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (dominant meter of RV 6.18)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स युध्मः सत्वा खजकृत्समद्वा तुविम्रक्षो नदनुमाँ ऋजीषी । बृहद्रेणुश्च्यवनो मानुषीणामेकः कृष्टीनामभवत्सहावा ॥

Transliteration

sa yudh́maḥ sátvā khaja-kṛ́t samádvā tuvi-mrakṣó nadanu-mā́n ṛjīṣī | bṛhád-reṇuś cyávano mā́nuṣīṇām ékaḥ kṛṣṭī́nām abhavat sahā́vā ||

Translation

He, the warrior and the strong soul, the breaker of the obstructing mass, the victor in the clash, wide in luminous force and roaring in the surge, the straight-driving one—he becomes the great-powdered mover of human limitations; alone among the peoples he stands as the all-conquering helper.

Word by Word

• सः: he (that one)
• सः: कर्तृ (विशेष्य-निर्देशः) / विषयः
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• युध्मः: warlike, battle-strong
• युध्मः: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युध्म (प्रातिपदिक; युध्-सम्बद्ध)

• सत्वा: the strong one, mighty
• सत्वा: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सत्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• खजकृत्: making a ‘khaja’ (crusher/cleaver; destructive maker)
• खजकृत्: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective (agent-noun) / Epithet
• Root: खज-कृत् (कृदन्त; √कृ ‘to do/make’ + खज)

• समद्वा: victorious in contests/battles
• समद्वा: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समद्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुविम्रक्षः: of great might, very powerful
• तुविम्रक्षः: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुवि-म्रक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; तुवि ‘much’ + म्रक्ष ‘strength/force’)

• नदनुमान्: possessing ‘nadanu’ (roaring/streaming power)
• नदनुमान्: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नदनु-मान् (प्रातिपदिक; -मान् ‘possessing’)

• ऋजीषी: with straight/true (weapons/ways); the straight-going
• ऋजीषी: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋजीषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• बृहद्रेणुः: raising great dust (in battle)
• बृहद्रेणुः: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहद्-रेणु (प्रातिपदिक; बृहद् ‘great’ + रेणु ‘dust/particle’)

• च्यवनः: the dislodger, one who makes (foes) fall
• च्यवनः: कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: च्यवन (प्रातिपदिक; √च्यु ‘to move, cause to fall’)

• मानुषीणाम्: of the human (peoples)
• मानुषीणाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of’
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुषी (प्रातिपदिक)

• एकः: alone, single
• एकः: कर्तृ (मुख्य-कर्ता) / कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• कृष्टीनाम्: of the peoples/tribes
• कृष्टीनाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of’
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभवत्: became, was
• अभवत्: क्रिया (सम्बन्धः कर्तृ ‘एकः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)

• सहावा: a conqueror, overpowering one
• सहावा: कर्तृ-विशेषणम् / विधेय-नाम
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: सहावन् (प्रातिपदिक; √सह ‘to overcome/endure’ + -वन्)