Rig Veda 5.86.2: Mandala 5, Sukta 86, Mantra 2

Sukta 5.86

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)

Devata: Indra-Agni

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

या पृतनासु दुष्टरा या वाजेषु श्रवाय्या । या पञ्च चर्षणीरभीन्द्राग्नी ता हवामहे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.86.2

Transliteration

yā́ pṛ́tanāsu duṣṭárā yā́ vā́jeṣu śravā́yyā | yā́ páñca carṣaṇī́r abhī́ndrāgnī tā́ havāmahe ||

Translation

That Indra-and-Agni power which is hard to cross in battles, which brings the hearing of glory in the plenitudes, which stands facing and uplifting the five peoples—that we call. Become within us the victorious force and the fame of truth, conquering the inner war.

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Word by Word

• या: she who / which
• या: Kartā (relative subject) / viśeṣaṇa of implied ‘देवी/शक्ति’
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika: य-)

• पृतनासु: in battles
• पृतनासु: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in battles’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृतना (प्रातिपदिक) < √पृत्/पॄ (to fight) (etym.)

• दुष्टरा: hard to overcome / difficult to cross
• दुष्टरा: Kartā/viśeṣaṇa (predicate adjective to ‘या’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्-तर (प्रातिपदिक); तर = comparative from √तॄ (to cross) with दुṣ- prefix

• या: she who
• या: Kartā (relative subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika: य-)

• वाजेषु: in races/contests; in prizes
• वाजेषु: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in contests/prizes’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• श्रवाय्या: bringing fame / worthy of fame
• श्रवाय्या: Kartā/viśeṣaṇa (predicate adjective to ‘या’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रवाय्य (प्रातिपदिक) < श्रवस् (fame) + -आय्य (desiderative/aptative adj. suffix in Vedic)

• या: she who
• या: Kartā (relative subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika: य-)

• पञ्च: five
• पञ्च: Viśeṣaṇa (of चर्षणीनाम्, implied)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: पञ्चन् (numeral stem)

• चर्षणीर्: peoples / tribes
• चर्षणीर्: Karma (object of अभि ‘towards/against’ in sense ‘over/for the peoples’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चर्षणी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, over, against
• अभि: Directional marker (governing the object ‘चर्षणीः’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (upasarga/preposition)

• इन्द्राग्नी: O Indra and Agni
• इन्द्राग्नी: Sampradāna (addressee of invocation) / Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (dual deity name)
• Root: इन्द्र + अग्नि (dvandva compound)

• ता: those two (you two)
• ता: Karma (object of हवामहे)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika: त-)

• हवामहे: we invoke / we call upon
• हवामहे: Kriyā (main verb); Kartā = वयम् (implied ‘we’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वा (ह्वयति/हवते) ‘to call, invoke’