Mantra 19
Sukta 5.61
Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya (traditional for RV 5.61)
Devata: Maghavān (likely Indra as the bounteous power); also linked with ratha-vīti motif
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; short verse)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
एष क्षेति रथवीतिर्मघवा गोमतीरनु । पर्वतेष्वपश्रितः ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
ए॒ष क्षे॑ति॒ रथ॑वीतिर्म॒घवा॒ गोम॑ती॒रनु॑ । पर्व॑ते॒ष्वप॑श्रितः ॥
Transliteration
eṣá kṣéti rátha-vītir maghávā gómātīr ánu | párvateṣv ápa-śritaḥ ||
Translation
This is the abiding chariot-drive of the Bounteous One: he moves along the luminous ‘cows’ (rays of knowledge), leaning upon the heights—supported by the mountains of firm consciousness.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
ए॒षः । क्षे॒ति॒ । रथ॑ऽवीतिः । म॒घऽवा॑ । गोऽम॑तीः । अनु॑ । पर्व॑तेषु । अप॑ऽश्रितः ॥एषः । क्षेति । रथवीतिः । मघवा । गोमतीः । अनु । पर्वतेषु । अपश्रितः ॥eṣaḥ | kṣeti | ratha-vītiḥ | magha-vā | go--matīḥ | anu | parvateṣu | apa-śritaḥ
Word by Word
एषःthis (one), he
एषः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → एष-
क्षेतिdwells, abides
क्षेति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√क्षि (क्षि निवासे/क्षये) — here: ‘to dwell, abide’
रथवीतिःthe chariot-advancer / one whose course is by chariot
रथवीतिः:
कर्तृ (एषः इत्यस्य विशेषण/समासपद-नाम)
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootरथ- + वीतिः (√वी ‘to pursue/seek’ → वीतिः ‘pursuit, course, way’; RV usage: ‘chariot-course/advance’)
मघवाthe bountiful one (Maghavan/Indra)
मघवा:
कर्तृ (एषः इत्यस्य विशेषण)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootमघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bountiful, generous’—epithet esp. of Indra)
गोमतीःcow-rich (ones), rich in cattle
गोमतीः:
कर्म (अनु इत्यस्य सह—‘along/after’ whom/which)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootगोमत् (गौ + मतुप्) ‘possessing cows, rich in cattle’
अनुafter, along, following
अनु:
उपपद-सम्बन्धः (अनुगमन/अनुसरण-अर्थे)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
पर्वतेषुon/among the mountains
पर्वतेषु:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
अपश्रितःhaving taken refuge/settled (there); resting (apart)
अपश्रितः:
कर्तृ-विशेषणम्
TypeParticiple (past passive)
Rootअप- + √श्रि (श्रि सेवायाम्/आश्रये) → श्रित (क्त) ‘resting/leaning’; with अप- ‘away/off’