Mantra 12
Sukta 5.53
Rishi: Śyāvāśva Ātreya
Devata: Maruts
Chandas: Tr̥ṣṭubh-like (variable within the hymn)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
कस्मा अद्य सुजाताय रातहव्याय प्र ययुः । एना यामेन मरुतः ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
कस्मा॑ अ॒द्य सुजा॑ताय रा॒तह॑व्याय॒ प्र य॑युः । ए॒ना यामे॑न म॒रुत॑: ॥
Transliteration
kásmā adyá sujā́tāya rātá-havyāya prá yayuḥ | enā́ yā́mena marútaḥ ||
Translation
To whom today have the Maruts gone forth—towards what well-born one, what bearer of rightly offered oblations—by this their going, by this path of advance?
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
कस्मै॑ । अ॒द्य । सुऽजा॑ताय । रा॒तऽह॑व्याय । प्र । य॒युः॒ । ए॒ना । यामे॑न । म॒रुतः॑ ॥कस्मै । अद्य । सुजाताय । रातहव्याय । प्र । ययुः । एना । यामेन । मरुतः ॥kasmai | adya | su-jātāya | rāta-havyāya | pra | yayuḥ | enā | yāmena | marutaḥ
Word by Word
कस्मैto whom?
कस्मै:
सम्प्रदान
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → क-
अद्यtoday, now
अद्य:
अधिकरण (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य (अव्यय)
सुजातायto the well-born / noble-born (one)
सुजाताय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसुजात (प्रातिपदिक; सु- + जात < √जन् ‘to be born’)
रातहव्यायto him whose oblation is given / who has received the offering
रातहव्याय:
सम्प्रदान
TypeAdjective (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa compound, used substantively)
Rootरातहव्य (प्रातिपदिक; रात ‘given’ < √रा/√रद्? (Vedic ‘to give’) + हव्य ‘oblation’ < √हू ‘to call/invoke’)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
ययुःthey have gone / went forth
ययुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√या (गत्यर्थ धातु)
एनाby this
एना:
करण
TypePronoun
Rootएना (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; एतद्-सम्बद्ध ‘this/that’ instrumental form in Vedic)
यामेनby the course/way, by the march
यामेन:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootयाम (प्रातिपदिक; ‘course, going, march, way’ < √या)
मरुतःthe Maruts
मरुतः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (proper/common: the Maruts)
Rootमरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)