Rig Veda 5.44.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 44, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.44

Devata: Uncertain (verse contains obscure proper name Krivi; likely within Agni hymn but referencing auxiliary forces/obstacles)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र व एते सुयुजो यामन्निष्टये नीचीरमुष्मै यम्य ऋतावृधः । सुयन्तुभिः सर्वशासैरभीशुभिः क्रिविर्नामानि प्रवणे मुषायति ॥

Transliteration

prá va ete suyújo yā́mann iṣṭáye nī́cīr amúṣmai yamyá ṛtā́vṛdhaḥ | suyántubhiḥ sarvaśā́sair abhī́śubhiḥ krívir nā́māni praváṇe muṣāyati ||

Translation

Forward go these well-yoked powers on the journey for the desired fulfilment, bending downward for that one, increasing by the Truth. With guiding reins, with all disciplines, with the controlling rays—Krivi in the slope steals away the names (the fixed labels).

Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• वः: of you (your)
• वः: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• एते: these
• एते: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद्

• सुयुजः: well-yoked, well-harnessed
• सुयुजः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-युज् (prātipadika from √युज्)

• यामन्: on the journey, in the course (of going)
• यामन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: यामन्

• इष्टये: for the sacrifice/oblation, for the desired rite
• इष्टये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्टि

• नीचीः: downward (courses/paths), low-lying (streams)
• नीचीः: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: नीचि (adv./adj. stem)

• अमुष्मै: to that (one), for him
• अमुष्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अमुष्मद्

• यम्यः: restraining, guiding, controlling
• यम्यः: Kartā (apposition/epithet)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यम्य (from √यम्)

• ऋतावृधः: increasing (upholding) ṛta, fostering cosmic order
• ऋतावृधः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत-वृध् (compound)

• सुयन्तुभिः: with well-driving/impelling (means/agents)
• सुयन्तुभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun (instrumental agent/means)
• Root: सुयन्तु (instr. pl. of a noun/agent-stem from √सु/√सव् ‘to impel/press’)

• सर्वशासैः: with all-ruling/all-commanding (powers/ordinances)
• सर्वशासैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-शास (compound)

• अभीशुभिः: with reins, with guiding lines
• अभीशुभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभि-ईशु (compound)

• क्रिविः: Krivi (a person/tribal name)
• क्रिविः: Kartā
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: क्रिवि

• नामानि: names
• नामानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन्

• प्रवणे: on the slope, in the declivity
• प्रवणे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रवण

• मुषायति: steals, robs
• मुषायति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मुष्