Rig Veda 5.41.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 41, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.41

Rishi: Kaṇva

Devata: Viśve Devāḥ (multiple: Vāta, Agni, Pūṣan, Bhaga; with Trita as mythic helper)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical check)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र सक्षणो दिव्यः कण्वहोता त्रितो दिवः सजोषा वातो अग्निः । पूषा भगः प्रभृथे विश्वभोजा आजिं न जग्मुराश्वश्वतमाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.41.4

Transliteration

prá sakṣáṇo divyáḥ káṇva-hotā tritó diváḥ sajóṣā vā́to agníḥ | pūṣā́ bhágaḥ prabhṛthé viśvá-bhojā ā́jiṃ ná jagmur āśváśva-tamāḥ ||

Translation

Forth go the capable divine Kaṇva-priest, and Trita of heaven in one accord, and Vāta and Agni; Pūṣan and Bhaga, givers of all enjoyments, have reached the course like the best of steeds in the race.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• सक्षणः: able; accompanying; competent
• सक्षणः: Kartā (as epithet of the subject-group)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सक्षण (प्रातिपदिक; from √सह/सक्ष ‘to be able, to accompany’)

• दिव्यः: heavenly, divine
• दिव्यः: Kartā (epithet)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य (प्रातिपदिक; from दिव् ‘heaven’)

• कण्वहोता: the Kanva-priest (Hotṛ of the Kanvas)
• कण्वहोता: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कण्व-होतृ (compound: Kanva + hotṛ)

• त्रितः: Trita (a deity/hero)
• त्रितः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रित (proper name)

• दिवः: of heaven, of the sky
• दिवः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौः)

• सजोषाः: in concord; together, of one mind
• सजोषाः: Kartā (qualifier of the plural subject-group)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सजोष (प्रातिपदिक; sa- + joṣa ‘in accord, together’)

• वातः: Wind (Vāyu)
• वातः: Kartā (member of the subject-group)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (from √वा ‘to blow’)

• अग्निः: Agni (Fire)
• अग्निः: Kartā (member of the subject-group)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• पूषा: Pūṣan
• पूषा: Kartā (member of the subject-group)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूषन् (stem: पूषन्-)

• भगः: Bhaga
• भगः: Kartā (member of the subject-group)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भग (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रभृथे: in the offering/oblation (at the rite)
• प्रभृथे: Adhikaraṇa (locative: ‘in/at’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभृथ (प्रातिपदिक; ritual ‘bringing forth/oblation, offering’)

• विश्वभोजाः: all-bestowing; granting all goods
• विश्वभोजाः: Kartā (qualifier of the plural subject-group)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व-भोज (compound: viśva ‘all’ + bhoja ‘bestowing/enjoying’)

• आजिम्: race, contest, battle
• आजिम्: Karma (goal/object of motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आजी (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• जग्मुः: they have gone; they went
• जग्मुः: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (to go)

• अश्वअश्वतमाः: most horse-like; having the best/fleetest horses (very swift)
• अश्वअश्वतमाः: Kartā (epithet of the goers)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अश्व-अश्वतम (reduplicated compound; from अश्व ‘horse’ + superlative -तम)