Rig Veda 4.53.5 — Mandala 4, Sukta 53, Mantra 5
Sukta 4.53
Devata: Savitṛ
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
त्रिरन्तरिक्षं सविता महित्वना त्री रजांसि परिभुस्त्रीणि रोचना । तिस्रो दिवः पृथिवीस्तिस्र इन्वति त्रिभिर्व्रतैरभि नो रक्षति त्मना ॥
Transliteration
trír antárikṣaṃ savitā́ mahitvanā́ trī́ rajā́ṃsi paribhūs trī́ṇi rocanā́ | tísro dívaḥ pr̥thivī́s tísra invati tribhír vratáir abhí no rakṣati tmánā ||
Translation
Threefold Savitṛ, by his greatness, encompasses the midspace; he masters the three regions and the three luminous realms. He sets in motion the three heavens and the three earths; by his triple laws he guards us by his own self-power.
Word by Word
त्रिःthrice
त्रिः:
Adhikaraṇa (परिमाण/आवृत्तिवाचक) / क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) → त्रिस्/त्रिः
अन्तरिक्षम्the mid-air, atmosphere
अन्तरिक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
सविताSavitṛ (the impeller, Sun-god)
सविता:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
महित्वनाby (his) greatness, by might
महित्वना:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun (abstract/instrumental) / Adverbial
Rootमहित्वन (प्रातिपदिक; महि- ‘great’ + -त्वन/-त्वना ‘by greatness, by might’)
त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
Karma (विशेष्य: रजांसि)
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
रजांसिregions, spaces (world-realms)
रजांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
परिभुःthe all-surpassing/overlord
परिभुः:
Kartā (सविता का विशेषण)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपरि-भू (धातु √भू ‘to be, become’ with उपसर्ग परि; ‘one who surpasses/encircles’)
त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
Karma (विशेष्य: रोचनानि)
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
रोचनानिluminous realms, lights
रोचनानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरोचन (प्रातिपदिक; from √रुच् ‘to shine’)
तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Karma (विशेष्य: पृथिवीः)
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-रूप: तिस्रः)
दिवःof heaven, of the sky
दिवः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध: ‘of heaven’)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
पृथिवीःearths (the three earths/world-levels)
पृथिवीः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
तिस्रःthree
तिस्रः:
Karma (विशेष्य: — understood ‘waters/streams/paths’ in Vedic idiom; here taken with verb as ‘three (sets)’)
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-रूप: तिस्रः)
इन्वतिimpels, sets in motion
इन्वति:
Kriyā (कर्तृ: सविता)
TypeVerb
Root√इ (इण्) / √इन्व् (Vedic: ‘to set in motion, impel’)
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karaṇa
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
व्रतैःordinances, sacred laws
व्रतैः:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
अभिtowards, over
अभि:
Upasarga (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
नःus
नः:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
Kriyā (कर्तृ: सविता)
TypeVerb
Root√रक्ष् (to protect)
त्मनाby himself, with his own power
त्मना:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun (reflexive/instrumental)
Rootत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic ‘self, own person/power’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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