Rig Veda 4.53.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 53, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.53

Devata: Savitṛ

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अदाभ्यो भुवनानि प्रचाकशद्व्रतानि देवः सविताभि रक्षते । प्रास्राग्बाहू भुवनस्य प्रजाभ्यो धृतव्रतो महो अज्मस्य राजति ॥

Transliteration

adā́bhyo bhúvanāni pra-cā́kaśad vratā́ni deváḥ savitā́bhi rakṣate | prā́s­rāg bāhū́ bhúvanasya prajā́bhyo dhr̥tá-vrato mahó ájmasya rājati ||

Translation

Inviolable, he makes the worlds shine forth; Savitṛ guards the laws of right working. He has stretched out his arms for the becomings and their creatures; steadfast in his vows, he shines in the greatness of his far-reaching movement.

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Word by Word

• अदाभ्यः: unassailable, unharming
• अदाभ्यः: Kartā (देवः सविता का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदाभ्य (प्रातिपदिक; a-दाभ्य, √दभ् ‘to harm/deceive’ से) अथवा ‘अदाभ्य’ विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक

• भुवनानि: worlds, beings/realms
• भुवनानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक; √भू ‘to be’ से)

• प्रचाकशत्: made (them) shine forth / manifested
• प्रचाकशत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√काश् (काशते/चाकशत्; ‘to shine, make manifest’)

• व्रतानि: ordinances, fixed laws/commands
• व्रतानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• सविता: Savitar
• सविता: Kartā (देवः का अप्पोज़िशन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अभि: towards, over
• अभि: (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• रक्षते: protects
• रक्षते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रक्ष् (to protect)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र

• अस्राक्: stretched out
• अस्राक्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृज्/√स्रज् (वेदिक रूप; ‘to stretch/extend/let go’), यहाँ ‘अस्राक्’ = लुङ् 3 एकवचन

• बाहू: (his) two arms
• बाहू: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)

• भुवनस्य: of the world/realm
• भुवनस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रजाभ्यः: for the creatures/offspring
• प्रजाभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा (प्रातिपदिक)

• धृतव्रतः: whose ordinances are firm/held
• धृतव्रतः: Kartā (सविता का विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृत-व्रत (कृदन्त-समास; धृत = √धृ ‘held’ + व्रत)

• महः: of great might
• महः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत्/महस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, might’)

• अज्मस्य: of the course/track (of his movement)
• अज्मस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अज्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘course, path, drive’)

• राजति: shines, is resplendent
• राजति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √राज् (to shine, be splendid; also ‘to rule’)