Rig Veda 4.52.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 52, Mantra 2
Sukta 4.52
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Uṣas (with explicit association to the Aśvins)
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अश्वेव चित्रारुषी माता गवामृतावरी । सखाभूदश्विनोरुषाः ॥
Transliteration
aśvā́ iva citrā́ruṣī mātā́ gavām ṛtā́varī | sákhābhūd aśvínoḥ uṣā́ḥ ||
Translation
Like a bright red horse she shines in many colours; she is the mother of the rays (cows), the chooser and bearer of the Right. Dawn has become the companion of the Aśvins—she leads the swift powers that bring help.
Word by Word
अश्वाa horse
अश्वा:
उपमान (तुलना-प्रयोगे)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
सम्बन्ध/उपमान-निर्देशक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
चित्रारुषीbright-red / variegated-ruddy
चित्रारुषी:
विशेषण (मातृ-शब्दस्य)
TypeAdjective (f.)
Rootचित्रारुषी (प्रातिपदिक; चित्र + अरुषी)
माताmother
माता:
कर्तृ/विषय (उषसः)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (मातुः—‘of the cows’)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
ऋतावरीtrue to ṛta / orderly, faithful to cosmic order
ऋतावरी:
विशेषण (मातृ-शब्दस्य)
TypeAdjective (f.)
Rootऋतावरी (प्रातिपदिक; ऋत + आवरी/वरी)
सखाa companion, friend
सखा:
कर्तृ/विषय (भू-क्रियायाः)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
अभूत्became, was
अभूत्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
अश्विनोःof the Aśvins (the twin gods)
अश्विनोः:
सम्बन्ध (सख्यस्य—‘of the Aśvins’)
TypeNoun (dual deity name)
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
उषाःUṣas, Dawn
उषाः:
कर्तृ/विषय (अभूत्—‘Uṣas became…’)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
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