Rig Veda 4.5.3 — Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 3
Sukta 4.5
Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata: Agni (as revealer of manīṣā)
Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
साम द्विबर्हा महि तिग्मभृष्टिः सहस्ररेता वृषभस्तुविष्मान् । पदं न गोरपगूळ्हं विविद्वानग्निर्मह्यं प्रेदु वोचन्मनीषाम् ॥
Transliteration
sā́ma dvi-bárhā máhi tigmá-bhṛṣṭiḥ sahásra-retā vṛṣabhás tuviṣmān | padáṃ na gór apa-gūḷháṃ vividvā́n agnír máhyaṃ préd u vocan manīṣā́m ||
Translation
A chant of harmony, double-based, mighty, with sharp-bright edge, a bull of abundant seed and puissant force—Agni, knowing the hidden step of the Cow (the ray), spoke forth to me the inspired understanding.
Word by Word
सामtogether; in unison; harmoniously
साम:
विशेषण-भावे (क्रियाविशेषण) / सम्बन्ध
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसामन् (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा अव्यय ‘साम्’
द्विबर्हाःhaving two ‘barhis’/two layers (i.e., double-seated/with two expanses)
द्विबर्हाः:
Kartā (अग्निः) का विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि- + बर्हिस्/बर्हा (प्रातिपदिक) ‘द्विबर्हस्’
महिgreatly; mightily
महि:
क्रियाविशेषण (वोचत्/प्रेदु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहि (अव्यय/विशेषण-रूप; ‘मह्/महत्’ से)
तिग्मभृष्टिःwith sharp spear/shaft; sharp-pointed
तिग्मभृष्टिः:
Kartā (अग्निः) का विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootतिग्म- + भृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) ‘तिग्मभृष्टि’
सहस्ररेताःhaving a thousand seeds/streams; prolific
सहस्ररेताः:
Kartā (अग्निः) का विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसहस्र- + रेतस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘सहस्ररेतस्’
वृषभःbull; the strong one
वृषभः:
Kartā (अग्निः) का विशेषण/उपपद-नाम
TypeNoun
Rootवृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
तुविष्मान्very mighty; powerfully strong
तुविष्मान्:
Kartā (अग्निः) का विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootतुविष्मन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
पदम्track; footprint; step
पदम्:
Karma (विविद्वान्)
TypeNoun
Rootपद (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike; as
न:
उपमान-सूचक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
गोःof the cow
गोः:
सम्बन्ध (पदं—गोः)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
अपगूळ्हम्hidden away; concealed
अपगूळ्हम्:
Karma (विविद्वान्) के कर्म ‘पदम्’ का विशेषण
TypeParticiple/Adjective
Rootअप-गूह् (धातु) → क्त (कृदन्त) ‘अपगूळ्ह’
विविद्वान्having found/known; the discoverer
विविद्वान्:
Kartā (मुख्य क्रिया ‘वोचत्’ के कर्ता ‘अग्निः’ के साथ समन्वय/विशेषण-भाव)
TypeParticiple
Rootविद् (धातु) ‘जानने’ → वि-विद् (परस्मै) → परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट कृदन्त ‘विविद्वांस्’
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
मह्यम्to me
मह्यम्:
Sampradāna
TypePronoun
Rootअहम् (सर्वनाम) → मह्यम्
प्रforth; forward
प्र:
क्रिया-विशेषक (वोचत्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
इदुindeed; just
इदु:
वाक्य-निपात (उद्गार/निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइदु (निपात/अव्यय; वैदिक-प्रयोग)
वःto you (plural)
वः:
Sampradāna (वोचत्) / श्रोत्र-सम्बन्ध
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम) → वः
वोचत्spoke; uttered
वोचत्:
मुख्य क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु) ‘कथने’
मनीषाम्thought; inspired insight; hymn
मनीषाम्:
Karma (वोचत्)
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषा (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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