Rig Veda 4.20.7: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 7

Sukta 4.20

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

न यस्य वर्ता जनुषा न्वस्ति न राधस आमरीता मघस्य । उद्वावृषाणस्तविषीव उग्रास्मभ्यं दद्धि पुरुहूत रायः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.20.7

Transliteration

ná yásya vartā́ jánuṣā nú asti ná rā́dhasa āmarītā́ mághasya | ud-vā-vṛṣāṇás taviṣī-va ugrā́smábhyaṃ daddhi puru-hūta rā́yaḥ ||

Translation

There is no limit to his course by birth, no failing of the bounty of the bounteous. Pouring forth in uprising strength, O mighty one of irresistible force—give to us, O much-invoked, the rays of plenitude.

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Word by Word

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• यस्य: of whom/whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्

• वर्ता: one who turns/acts; a doer/agent (leader)
• वर्ता: Kartā (as subject-noun in clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्तृ (√वृत्) / वर्ता (agent noun)

• जनुषा: by birth; by nature
• जनुषा: Karaṇa (instrument/means) / हेतौ
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनु (from √जन्)

• नु: indeed/now
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• अस्ति: is/exists
• अस्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस्

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• राधसः: of bounty; of wealth/gift
• राधसः: सम्बन्ध / Apādāna (contextual: 'from/for want of')
• Type: Noun
• Root: राधस्

• आ: towards; wholly
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ

• मरीता: dead; perished
• मरीता: Kartā/विशेषण (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: √मृ (मर्) + क्त (past passive participle) → मरीत

• मघस्य: of the bountiful one (Indra)
• मघस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघ (also epithet of Indra: 'bountiful')

• उत्: up; forth
• उत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत्

• वावृषाणः: growing strong; waxing in might
• वावृषाणः: Kartā (describing the subject, Indra)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √वृष् / √वृध् (Vedic intensive/iterative sense ‘to grow strong, to be vigorous’)

• तविषीव: possessing strength; mighty
• तविषीव: Kartā/विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तविषीवत् (from तविषी ‘strength, might’)

• उग्रा: fierce; powerful
• उग्रा: Kartā/विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र

• अस्मभ्यम्: to us
• अस्मभ्यम्: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• दद्धि: give!
• दद्धि: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा

• पुरुहूत: O much-invoked one (Indra)
• पुरुहूत: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: पुरु-हूत (बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय: ‘much-invoked’)

• रायः: of wealth; riches
• रायः: सम्बन्ध (with implied दान: ‘of wealth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/राय (स्त्री. ‘wealth’)