Rig Veda 4.20.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 20, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.20

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उशन्नु षु णः सुमना उपाके सोमस्य नु सुषुतस्य स्वधावः । पा इन्द्र प्रतिभृतस्य मध्वः समन्धसा ममदः पृष्ठ्येन ॥

Transliteration

uśán nu ṣú ṇaḥ su-manā upā́ke sómasya nu su-sútasya svadhāvaḥ | pā́ indra práti-bhṛtasya mádhvaḥ sám andhasā mamadaḥ pṛṣṭhyéna ||

Translation

Desiring it, be now gracious to us near at hand, O master of thy own power: drink, O Indra, of the honey offered and brought to thee, and rejoice wholly in the soma-essence with its supporting strength.

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Word by Word

• उशन्: desiring, wishing
• उशन्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (present participle)
• Root: वश् (इच्छायाम्) / उश् (कामे) → उशन्त्

• उ: indeed, and
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• षु: verily, just
• षु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: षु (निपात)

• णः: of us / to us
• णः: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन सर्वनाम) → नः

• सुमनाः: kind-minded, gracious
• सुमनाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-मनस् (प्रातिपदिक) → सुमनस्

• उपाके: nearby, in proximity
• उपाके: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (locative)
• Root: उपाक (प्रातिपदिक) / उप + अञ्च् (निकटे) → ‘near’

• सोमस्य: of Soma
• सोमस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• सुषुतस्य: well-pressed
• सुषुतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective (past passive participle used substantively)
• Root: सु-षु (धातु: षु/सु ‘to press/express’) → सुषुत (ppp)

• स्वधावः: O possessor of svadhā (innate power/food-offering)
• स्वधावः: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun/Adjective (vocative epithet)
• Root: स्वधा-वस् (प्रातिपदिक) / स्वधा (न.) + वस् (possessive) → स्वधावस्

• पा: drink!
• पा: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (पाने)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रतिभृतस्य: of what is brought/presented (to you)
• प्रतिभृतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective (ppp)
• Root: प्रति-भृ (धातु: भृ धारणे) → प्रतिभृत (ppp)

• मध्वः: of the sweet drink (mead/Soma-juice)
• मध्वः: Karma (object of ‘पा’ via genitive of content)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, fully
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• अन्धसा: with the Soma-draught
• अन्धसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Soma-juice, draught’

• ममदः: he became exhilarated / rejoiced
• ममदः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (हर्षे/मादने) → ममद (perfect) / injunctive-like RV usage

• पृष्ठ्येन: with the back(-support)/with the ‘pṛṣṭhya’ (supporting chant/strength)
• पृष्ठ्येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: पृष्ठ्य (प्रातिपदिक) < पृष्ठ (back) + य (adj.)