Rig Veda 3.57.5: Mandala 3, Sukta 57, Mantra 5

Sukta 3.57

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

या ते जिह्वा मधुमती सुमेधा अग्ने देवेषूच्यत उरूची । तयेह विश्वाँ अवसे यजत्राना सादय पायया चा मधूनि ॥

Transliteration

yā́ te jihvā́ mádhumatī sumedhā́ agne devéṣūcyáte urūcī́ | táyehá víśvā́n ávase yájatrān ā́ sādaya pāyayā́ cā́ madhū́ni ||

Translation

That tongue of yours, honey-full and richly discerning, O Agni, is spoken of among the gods as wide-shining. With it here seat all the adorable powers for our help, and make them drink the sweetnesses.

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Word by Word

• या: which (she)
• या: Kartā (of ‘उच्यते’)
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• जिह्वा: tongue
• जिह्वा: Kartā (apposition to ‘या’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जिह्वा (prātipadika)

• मधुमती: honeyed, sweet
• मधुमती: Viśeṣaṇa (of ‘जिह्वा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मधुमत् (prātipadika)

• सुमेधा: of good wisdom / good intelligence
• सुमेधा: Viśeṣaṇa (of ‘जिह्वा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमेधा (prātipadika)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• देवेषु: among the gods
• देवेषु: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (prātipadika)

• उच्यते: is spoken/called
• उच्यते: Kriyā (verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) → उच्यते (passive)

• उरूची: wide-shining / far-reaching in radiance
• उरूची: Viśeṣaṇa (of ‘जिह्वा’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उरु + अञ्च्/अच् (as prātipadika ‘उरूची’)

• तया: with that (tongue)
• तया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa (deictic place)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (avyaya)

• विश्वान्: all (of them)
• विश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• अवसे: for help, for aid
• अवसे: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (prātipadika)

• यजत्रान्: the worshipful ones
• यजत्रान्: Karma (in apposition to ‘विश्वान्’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: यजत्र (prātipadika)

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: (with verb) directional modifier
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: आ (upasarga/avyaya)

• सादय: seat, cause to sit (bring to rest)
• सादय: Kriyā (imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सद् (धातु) causative: सादयति

• पायया: make (them) drink, give to drink
• पायया: Kriyā (imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (धातु) causative: पाययति

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (avyaya)

• मधूनि: sweet drinks / honeys
• मधूनि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (prātipadika)