HomeRig VedaMandala 3Sukta 31Mantra 8
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Mantra 8

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional)
Devata: Indra (as slayer of Śuṣṇa; opener of heavenly paths)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires verification)

सतःसतः प्रतिमानं पुरोभूर्विश्वा वेद जनिमा हन्ति शुष्णम् । प्र णो दिवः पदवीर्गव्युरर्चन्त्सखा सखीँरमुञ्चन्निरवद्यात् ॥

स॒तःस॑तः प्रति॒मानं॑ पुरो॒भूर्विश्वा॑ वेद॒ जनि॑मा॒ हन्ति॒ शुष्ण॑म् । प्र णो॑ दि॒वः प॑द॒वीर्ग॒व्युरर्च॒न्त्सखा॒ सखीँ॑रमुञ्च॒न्निर॑व॒द्यात् ॥

satáḥ-satáḥ pratimā́naṃ puró-bhūr víśvā veda jánimā hánti śúṣṇam | prá ṇo diváḥ padavī́r gavyúr arcant sakhā́ sakhī́m̐r amuñcan nír avadyā́t ||

He who becomes the measure for each state of being, the one who goes in front, knows all births and smites Śuṣṇa (the withering power). For us the seeker of the radiant herds has opened the paths of heaven by the shining chant; the Friend has released his companions from the fault that binds.

स॒तःऽस॑तः । प्र॒ति॒ऽमान॑म् । पु॒रः॒ऽभूः । विश्वा॑ । वे॒द॒ । जनि॑म । हन्ति॑ । शुष्ण॑म् । प्र । नः॒ । दि॒वः । प॒द॒ऽवीः । ग॒व्युः । अर्च॑न् । सखा॑ । सखी॑न् । अ॒मु॒ञ्च॒त् । निः । अ॒व॒द्यात् ॥सतःसतः । प्रतिमानम् । पुरःभूः । विश्वा । वेद । जनिम । हन्ति । शुष्णम् । प्र । नः । दिवः । पदवीः । गव्युः । अर्चन् । सखा । सखीन् । अमुञ्चत् । निः । अवद्यात् ॥sataḥ-sataḥ | prati-mānam | puraḥ-bhūḥ | viśvā | veda | janima | hanti | śuṣṇam | pra | ṇaḥ | divaḥ | pada-vīḥ | gavyuḥ | arcan | sakhā | sakhīn | amuñcat | niḥ | avadyāt

सतःसतःcontinually, ever and again
सतःसतः:
Adhikaraṇa (adverbial: ‘continually/at every time’)
TypeNoun (used adverbially) / Adjective
Rootसत् (प्रा. < √अस् ‘to be’)
प्रतिtowards, in return, against
प्रति:
— (preverb/adverbial) संश्लेषः with following noun
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
मानम्measure, standard
मानम्:
Karma (object of an implied/understood action ‘sets/places/holds as a measure/standard’)
TypeNoun
Rootमान (प्रा. < √मा ‘to measure’)
पुरोभूःthe one who is foremost / who goes before
पुरोभूः:
Kartā (subject epithet, of Indra)
TypeAdjective (agent-noun)
Rootपुरो-भू (कृदन्त; पुरस् + √भू ‘to be/become’)
विश्वाall (things)
विश्वा:
Karma (object of √विद्)
TypeAdjective (substantivized)
Rootविश्व (प्रा.)
वेदknows
वेद:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√विद् ‘to know’
जनिमाbirths, origins
जनिमा:
Karma (object of √विद्)
TypeNoun
Rootजनिमन्/जनिमा (प्रा. < √जन् ‘to be born, produce’)
हन्तिslays
हन्ति:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√हन् ‘to strike, slay’
शुष्णम्Śuṣṇa (the demon)
शुष्णम्:
Karma (object of √हन्)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootशुष्ण (प्रा.; demon-name)
प्रforth, forward
प्र:
— (preverb) modifies following verb/imperative
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
नःfor us, to us
नः:
Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
दिवःof heaven, from the sky
दिवः:
Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (source/realm: ‘from heaven’ / ‘of heaven’)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ (प्रा.)
पदवीःpaths, tracks
पदवीः:
Karma (object of an imperative like ‘make/lead forth’)
TypeNoun
Rootपदवी (प्रा.)
गव्युःcow-seeking, seeking cattle (wealth)
गव्युः:
Kartā (subject epithet, of the singer/Indra depending on construal)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootगव्यु (प्रा.; ‘seeking cows’, from गो + √इ/√यु?)
अर्चन्praising, singing
अर्चन्:
Kartā (concomitant action: ‘praising’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√अर्च् ‘to praise, sing’
सखाfriend
सखा:
Kartā (subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रा.)
सखीःfriends, companions
सखीः:
Karma (object of √मुच्)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रा.)
अमुञ्चन्released, set free
अमुञ्चन्:
— (finite verb)
TypeVerb
Root√मुच् ‘to release’ (with augment a-)
निःout, forth
निः:
— (preverb) intensifies ‘out, forth’
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिः (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
अवद्यात्from reproach, from fault
अवद्यात्:
Apādāna (source: ‘from blame/fault’)
TypeNoun
Rootअवद्य (प्रा.; ‘blame, reproach, fault’)