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Mantra 6

Sukta 3.31

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (Kauśika) (traditional circle attribution)
Devata: Saramā (as mythic power within the Indra/Angiras cycle; functionally allied to Indra and the seers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh

विदद्यदी सरमा रुग्णमद्रेर्महि पाथः पूर्व्यं सध्र्यक्कः । अग्रं नयत्सुपद्यक्षराणामच्छा रवं प्रथमा जानती गात् ॥

वि॒दद्यदी॑ स॒रमा॑ रु॒ग्णमद्रे॒र्महि॒ पाथ॑: पू॒र्व्यं स॒ध्र्य॑क्कः । अग्रं॑ नयत्सु॒पद्यक्ष॑राणा॒मच्छा॒ रवं॑ प्रथ॒मा जा॑न॒ती गा॑त् ॥

vídad yadī́ sarámā rugṇám adréḥ máhi pā́thaḥ pū́rvyaṃ sadhryàk kaḥ | ágraṃ nayat supády ákṣarāṇām ácchā rávaṃ prathamā́ jānatī́ gāt ||

When Saramā found the broken opening of the rock, the great primeval path, moving straight—how indeed? She led to the forefront the firm-footed syllables; first, knowing, she went toward the cry.

वि॒दत् । यदि॑ । स॒रमा॑ । रु॒ग्णम् । अद्रेः॑ । महि॑ । पाथः॑ । पू॒र्व्यम् । स॒ध्र्य॑क् । क॒रिति॑ कः । अग्र॑म् । न॒य॒त् । सु॒ऽपदी॑ । अक्ष॑राणाम् । अच्छ॑ । रव॑म् । प्र॒थ॒मा । जा॒न॒ती । गा॒त् ॥विदत् । यदि । सरमा । रुग्णम् । अद्रेः । महि । पाथः । पूर्व्यम् । सध्र्यक् । करिति कः । अग्रम् । नयत् । सुपदी । अक्षराणाम् । अच्छ । रवम् । प्रथमा । जानती । गात् ॥vidat | yadi | saramā | rugṇam | adreḥ | mahi | pāthaḥ | pūrvyam | sadhryak | kariti kaḥ | agram | nayat | su-padī | akṣarāṇām | accha | ravam | prathamā | jānatī | gāt

विदत्found / discovered
विदत्:
Kartā (with subject ‘सरमा’)
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (vindati/veda) ‘to find, know’
यदीwhen / if
यदी:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (relative/conditional particle) + इ (emphatic)
सरमाSaramā (the divine hound/messenger)
सरमा:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसरमा (proper noun)
रुग्णम्broken / breached
रुग्णम्:
Karma (object/goal found)
TypeAdjective
Rootरुग्ण (ppp of √रुज् ‘to break’)
अद्रेःof the rock / mountain
अद्रेः:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitival relation)
TypeNoun
Rootअद्रि (stone, rock; also ‘mountain’)
महिgreatly
महि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहि (from मह्/महन् ‘great’; Vedic adverbial form)
पाथःpath / track
पाथः:
Karma (what was found: the path/way)
TypeNoun
Rootपाथस् (path, track, way)
पूर्व्यम्ancient / primeval
पूर्व्यम्:
Viśeṣaṇa of Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व्य (ancient, former) < पूर्व
सध्र्यक्straight / directly
सध्र्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसध्र्यक् (Vedic adverb ‘straight, directly’)
कःwho? / someone
कः:
Kartā (of ‘नयत्’)
TypePronoun
Rootक (interrogative/indefinite pronoun)
अग्रम्the front / the foremost (part)
अग्रम्:
Karma (object led)
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र (forepart, point, first)
नयत्led
नयत्:
Kriyā (with Kartā ‘कः’)
TypeVerb
Root√नी (nayati) ‘to lead’
सुपद्of the well-stepping / sure-footed (ones)
सुपद्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootसुपद् (su- + पद् ‘good-footed; having good steps/footing’)
अक्षराणाम्of the imperishables / of the syllables (words)
अक्षराणाम्:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (dependent on ‘अग्रम्’ as ‘foremost of…’)
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर (imperishable; syllable/word; also ‘letters’)
अच्छाtowards
अच्छा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअच्छा (preverb/adverb ‘towards, to’)
रवम्cry / sound
रवम्:
Karma / goal of motion (with ‘अच्छा’)
TypeNoun
Rootरव (cry, sound, roar)
प्रथमाfirst
प्रथमा:
Viśeṣaṇa of Kartā
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (first)
जानतीknowing
जानती:
Kartṛ-sāmānādhikaraṇa (describing the doer ‘सरमा’)
TypeParticiple
Root√ज्ञा (jānāti) ‘to know’
गात्went / came
गात्:
Kriyā (main action of the clause)
TypeVerb
Root√गा (gāti/gāyati; here ‘to go’)