Mantra 4
Sukta 3.12
Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.12)
Devata: Indrāgnī
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
तोशा वृत्रहणा हुवे सजित्वानापराजिता । इन्द्राग्नी वाजसातमा ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
तो॒शा वृ॑त्र॒हणा॑ हुवे स॒जित्वा॒नाप॑राजिता । इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्नी वा॑ज॒सात॑मा ॥
Transliteration
tośā́ vṛtra-háṇā huve sa-jítvānā́parājitā | indrāgnī́ vā́ja-sātamā ||
Translation
With glad acclaim I call the Vṛtra-slayers, joint victors unconquered—Indra and Agni, most winning of the plenitudes of force.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
तो॒शा । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहना॑ । हु॒वे॒ । स॒ऽजित्य्वा॑ना । अप॑राऽजिता । इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्नी इति॑ । वा॒ज॒ऽसात॑मा ॥तोशा । वृत्रहना । हुवे । सजित्य्वाना । अपराजिता । इन्द्राग्नी इति । वाजसातमा ॥tośā | vṛtra-hanā | huve | sa-jityvānā | aparājitā | indrāgnī iti | vāja-sātamā
Word by Word
तोशाwith satisfaction; gladly
तोशा:
Karaṇa (manner/instrumental sense, adverbial)
TypeNoun (used adverbially)
Rootतोशा- (प्रातिपदिक; √तुष् ‘तोषणे/तृप्तौ’ से)
वृत्रहणाO Vṛtra-slayers (Indra and Agni)
वृत्रहणा:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeNoun (dual vocative epithet)
Rootवृत्रहन्- (वृत्र + हन् ‘to slay’)
हुवेI invoke
हुवे:
Kriyā (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√हू (जुहोति/हवते) ‘to call, invoke’
सजित्वानौO you two who win together / joint victors
सजित्वानौ:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeAdjective (dual vocative)
Rootसजित्वान्- (स- + √जि ‘to conquer’ से क्तवतु/वत्-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘सहजित/संजित’ भाव)
अपराजिताO undefeated (two)
अपराजिता:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeAdjective (dual vocative)
Rootअपराजित- (अ- + पराजित ‘defeated’, √जि)
इन्द्राग्नीO Indra and Agni
इन्द्राग्नी:
Sambodhana (address; invoked deities)
TypeNoun (dual vocative, deity name)
Rootइन्द्र + अग्नि (समास: द्वन्द्व)
वाजसातमाO best at winning prizes / most victorious
वाजसातमा:
Sambodhana (address)
TypeAdjective (dual vocative)
Rootवाजसातम- (वाज + सातम ‘most winning/most bestowing’; सातम = superlative from √सन्/√सा ‘to win/gain’ in Vedic usage)