Mantra 2
Sukta 2.8
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava) (traditional attribution for RV 2.8)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यः सुनीथो ददाशुषेऽजुर्यो जरयन्नरिम् । चारुप्रतीक आहुतः ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
यः सु॑नी॒थो द॑दा॒शुषे॑ऽजु॒र्यो ज॒रय॑न्न॒रिम् । चारु॑प्रतीक॒ आहु॑तः ॥
Transliteration
yáḥ sunīthó dadāśúṣe ’júryo járayann arím | cā́ru-pratīka ā́hutaḥ ||
Translation
He who is of good leading for the giver, unfailing, wearing down the enemy within; of beautiful visage, he is kindled by the offering.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
यः । सु॒ऽनी॒थः । द॒दा॒शुषे॑ । अ॒जु॒र्यः । ज॒रय॑न् । अ॒रिम् । चारु॑ऽप्रतीकः । आऽहु॑तः ॥यः । सुनीथः । ददाशुषे । अजुर्यः । जरयन् । अरिम् । चारुप्रतीकः । आहुतः ॥yaḥ | su-nīthaḥ | dadāśuṣe ajuryaḥ | jarayan | arim | cāru-pratīkaḥ | āhutaḥ
Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य-निर्देशक (यः = ‘who/which’, relative subject)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सुनीथःof good guidance; good leader
सुनीथः:
कर्तृ (यः सुनीथः = ‘who is of good guidance’)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootसु-नीथ (प्रातिपदिक; सु + नीथ ‘leading, guidance’)
ददाशुषेto the giver; to the generous one
ददाशुषे:
सम्प्रदान (to/for the giver)
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective) used substantively
Root√दा (दाने) → ददाशु (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट-आधारित कृदन्त ‘giver’)
अजुर्यःunaging; undecaying
अजुर्यः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-जुर्य (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + जुर्य ‘decaying/aging’, from √जॄ/√जुर् ‘to wear/age’)
जरयन्wearing down; making (someone) old/weak
जरयन्:
कर्तृ (describing the subject’s action: ‘wearing down…’)
TypeVerb (present participle active)
Root√जॄ/√जर् (जरायाम्/क्षये ‘to make old, wear down’)
अरिम्the enemy
अरिम्:
कर्म (object of ‘jarayan’)
TypeNoun
Rootअरी (प्रातिपदिक; ‘enemy/hostile man’, RV usage)
चारुप्रतीकःhaving a lovely appearance
चारुप्रतीकः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (epithet of the subject)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootचारु-प्रतीक (समास; चारु ‘beautiful’ + प्रतीक ‘appearance, form, face’)
आहुतःinvoked; called; offered
आहुतः:
कर्म/भाव (predicate: ‘having been invoked/offered’)
TypeParticiple (PPP) used predicatively
Rootआ-√हु (हवने ‘to offer, invoke’) → आहुत (क्त, past passive participle)