Rig Veda 2.19.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 19, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.19

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional for RV 2.19)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 2.19)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अपाय्यस्यान्धसो मदाय मनीषिणः सुवानस्य प्रयसः । यस्मिन्निन्द्रः प्रदिवि वावृधान ओको दधे ब्रह्मण्यन्तश्च नरः ॥

Transliteration

apā́yya syā́ndhaso mádāya manī́ṣiṇaḥ suvāná sya práyasaḥ | yásminn índraḥ prádivi vāvṛdhāná óko dadhé brahmaṇyántaś ca náraḥ ||

Translation

The pressed delight has been drunk for ecstasy by the seer of thought, from the offering’s fullness; in that (Soma) Indra, growing in the higher heaven, has set his home, and men who seek the Word are gathered to him.

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Word by Word

• अपाय्य: having gone away, having withdrawn
• अपाय्य: (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa) – adverbial to the main action
• Type: Verb (participle used predicatively)
• Root: अप-इ (√इ ‘to go’ with preverb अप) / अपाय्य (kṛdanta) from √इ

• अस्य: of him/this (one)
• अस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (possessor/relational)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāman)

• अन्धसः: of the soma-juice (pressed drink)
• अन्धसः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्धस् (n.)

• मदाय: for intoxication, for exhilaration
• मदाय: सम्प्रदान (purpose/recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (m.)

• मनीषिणः: the wise ones, inspired thinkers
• मनीषिणः: कर्तृ (agents of the implied offering/pressing)
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: मनीषिन् (adj./n.)

• सुवानस्य: of the pressing one / of the one who has pressed (Soma)
• सुवानस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (qualifying ‘प्रयस्/अन्धस्’)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: सु (√सु ‘to press/express (Soma)’) → सुवान (pres. ptcp.)

• प्रयसः: of the offering, of the refreshment (oblation)
• प्रयसः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रयस् (n.)

• यस्मिन्: in whom, wherein
• यस्मिन्: अधिकरण (locus: ‘in whom/wherein’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (m.)

• प्रदिवि: in the fore-sky / in the highest heaven
• प्रदिवि: अधिकरण (adverbial locus)
• Type: Indeclinable (prepositional adverbial)
• Root: प्र + दिवि (दिव् f. ‘sky’ loc. sg. दिवि)

• वावृधानः: growing strong, having increased
• वावृधानः: कर्तृ (as qualifier of the agent)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √वृध् ‘to grow, increase’ → वावृधान (perf./intensive-stative ptcp.)

• ओकः: a dwelling, abode
• ओकः: कर्म (object of दधे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओकस् (n.)

• दधे: he has placed, he has set
• दधे: मुख्यक्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा ‘to place, set’

• ब्रह्मण्यन्तः: prayer-loving, devoted to sacred formulation
• ब्रह्मण्यन्तः: कर्तृ (co-agents, with नरः)
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: ब्रह्मण्य (adj. ‘devoted to brahman/prayer’) < ब्रह्मन्

• च: and
• च: (samuccaya) connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नरः: men, heroes
• नरः: कर्तृ (co-agents)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (m.)