Rig Veda 2.12.4 — Mandala 2, Sukta 12, Mantra 4
Sukta 2.12
Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Jagatī (likely; hymn-level)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
येनेमा विश्वा च्यवना कृतानि यो दासं वर्णमधरं गुहाकः । श्वघ्नीव यो जिगीवाँल्लक्षमाददर्यः पुष्टानि स जनास इन्द्रः ॥
Transliteration
yéne mā́ víśvā cyávanā kṛtā́ni yó dā́saṃ várṇam ádharaṃ guhā́ ákāḥ | śvaghnī́va yó jigīvā́ṃl lakṣám ā́dad aryáḥ púṣṭāni sá janāsa índraḥ ||
Translation
He by whom all these dislodgements were accomplished; who made the Dāsa power the lower, hidden in the cave; who, like a hound-slayer, the conqueror, took the mark/prize—(and) the Arya won the nourishments: he, O peoples, is Indra.
Word by Word
येनby which (by whom/whereby)
येन:
करण
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इमाthese
इमा:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
विश्वाall
विश्वा:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
च्यवनानिoverthrows, dislodgings, routs
च्यवनानि:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootच्यवन (प्रातिपदिक; from √च्यु ‘to move, fall, be displaced’)
कृतानिdone, accomplished
कृतानि:
विशेषण
TypeParticiple (past passive) used adjectivally
Root√कृ (कृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्यय ‘कृत’)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दासम्the Dāsa (enemy/hostile people)
दासम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootदास (प्रातिपदिक)
वर्णम्color; class/tribe
वर्णम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
अधरम्lower, inferior
अधरम्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootअधर (प्रातिपदिक)
गुहाकःdwelling/hidden in a cave; cave-dweller
गुहाकः:
कर्तृ
TypeAdjective/Noun (epithet)
Rootगुहा (प्रातिपदिक) + क (तद्धित) → गुहाक
श्वघ्नीवlike a dog-slayer (as one who strikes down like that)
श्वघ्नीव:
उपमान
TypeAdjective + Indeclinable (simile)
Rootश्वघ्नी (प्रातिपदिक; ‘dog-slayer’/‘dog-killing’) + इव
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जिगीवाँल्लक्षम्having conquered, (he) won the stake/prize
जिगीवाँल्लक्षम्:
कर्तृ (जिगीवाँस्), कर्म (लक्षम्)
TypePerfect participle + Noun
Root√जि (परस्मैपद; reduplicated perfect/strong stem जिगीवांस् ‘having conquered’) + लक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
आददtook, seized, won
आदद:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√दा (आ + √दा; लिट्/इम्पर्फेक्ट-like injunctive/preterite form in Vedic: आदद)
अर्यःthe Arya (noble one/ally)
अर्यः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootअर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
पुष्टानिnourishments, prosperities, boons
पुष्टानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootपुष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) / √पुष् ‘to thrive, prosper’ (semantic base)
सःhe
सः:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
जनासःpeoples, men
जनासः:
कर्तृ (appositional/vocative-like address to people)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
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