Rig Veda 1.83.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 83, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.83

Rishi: Gotama Rāhūgaṇa (traditionally for RV 1.83)

Devata: Indra (hymnic frame), with embedded cosmo-mythic figures (Sūrya, Atharvan, Uśanā, Yama)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verse-level verification recommended)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यज्ञैरथर्वा प्रथमः पथस्तते ततः सूर्यो व्रतपा वेन आजनि । आ गा आजदुशना काव्यः सचा यमस्य जातममृतं यजामहे ॥

Transliteration

yajñáir atharvā́ prathamáḥ pathás tate tátaḥ sū́ryo vratapā́ vénā́ ajani | ā́ gā́ ā́jad uśánā kāvyáḥ sácā yámasya jātám amṛ́taṁ yajāmahe ||

Translation

By sacrifices Atharvan first stretched out the paths; then the Sun, the guardian of the law, was born as the Seer. With him came Uśanā Kāvya driving the rays; we worship the deathless that is born in the realm of Yama (the self-mastering).

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Word by Word

• यज्ञैः: by/with sacrifices
• यज्ञैः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) < यज्

• अथर्वा: Atharvan (the seer/priest)
• अथर्वा: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: अथर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमः: first
• प्रथमः: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पथः: of the path
• पथः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: पथ्/पथिन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तते: stretched/extended
• तते: कर्तृ-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: तन् (धातु)

• ततः: then/from there
• ततः: अपादान/क्रम (source/sequence)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रतपा: keeper of the cosmic order (vows)
• व्रतपा: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: व्रतपा (प्रातिपदिक: व्रत + पा ‘protector/keeper’)

• वेनः: the desirous/longed-for one (epithet)
• वेनः: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वेन (प्रातिपदिक)

• आजनि: was born/arose
• आजनि: कर्तृ-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)

• आ: hither, forth
• आ: दिशा/प्रवृत्ति
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• गाः: cows
• गाः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• आजत्: drove/impelled
• आजत्: कर्तृ-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अज् (धातु)

• उशनाः: Uśanā (Uśanas)
• उशनाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: उशनस्/उशना (प्रातिपदिक; proper name)

• काव्यः: the Kāvya (descendant of Kavi)/poet-seer
• काव्यः: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: काव्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• सचा: together with, in company
• सचा: सहकार (association)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सच (अव्यय/उपपद)

• यमस्य: of Yama
• यमस्य: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)

• जातम्: born, arisen
• जातम्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: जात (कृदन्त; √जन्)

• अमृतम्: the immortal (nectar/immortality)
• अमृतम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अमृत (प्रातिपदिक)

• यजामहे: we worship/sacrifice
• यजामहे: कर्तृ-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (धातु)