Mantra 2
Sukta 1.8
Rishi: Madhuchchhandas Vaiśvāmitra (traditional attribution for RV 1.1–1.11; this sukta commonly aligned with Indra-hymns of the early Mandala 1 layer)
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Gāyatrī (dominant meter in RV 1.8)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
नि येन मुष्टिहत्यया नि वृत्रा रुणधामहै । त्वोतासो न्यर्वता ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
नि येन॑ मुष्टिह॒त्यया॒ नि वृ॒त्रा रु॒णधा॑महै । त्वोता॑सो॒ न्यर्व॑ता ॥
Transliteration
ní yéna muṣṭi-hatyáyā ní vṛtrā́ ruṇadhā́mahai | tvó-tāsaḥ ní árvātā ||
Translation
By that power with which we strike down the clenched obstruction, may we press back the Vṛtras and shut them in; upheld by you, we cast them down into helplessness.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
नि । येन॑ । मु॒ष्टि॒ऽह॒त्यया॑ । नि । वृ॒त्रा । रु॒णधा॑महै । त्वाऽऊ॑तासः । नि । अर्व॑ता ॥नि । येन । मुष्टिहत्यया । नि । वृत्रा । रुणधामहै । त्वाऊतासः । नि । अर्वता ॥ni | yena | muṣṭi-hatyayā | ni | vṛtrā | ruṇadhāmahai | tvāūtāsaḥ | ni | arvatā
Word by Word
निdown; in; forth (as preverb)
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (upasarga)
येनby which; with which
येन:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
मुष्टिहत्ययाwith the ‘fist-slaying’ (weapon/means of smiting)
मुष्टिहत्यया:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootमुष्टिहत्या (prātipadika; मुष्टि + हत्या)
निdown; in (preverb)
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (upasarga)
वृत्राVṛtras; obstructers (foes)
वृत्रा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (prātipadika)
रुणधामहैwe restrain; we hold back
रुणधामहै:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootरुध् (धातु) + नि (upasarga)
त्वोतासःwe who are aided by you
त्वोतासः:
Kartā
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootत्वोत (prātipadika; त्वा + उत ‘helped by you’)
निdown; utterly (preverb)
नि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (upasarga)
अर्वताwith the steed; with the horse
अर्वता:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootअर्वत् (prātipadika)