HomeRig VedaMandala 1Sukta 72Mantra 5
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Mantra 5

Sukta 1.72

Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional assignment for RV 1.72 within the Vaiśvāmitra collection)
Devata: Agni (as inner knower and divine mediator); also the Angirasa/ṛṣi-company as agents of the quest
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 1.72; this verse is in the Triṣṭubh cadence typical of the hymn)

संजानाना उप सीदन्नभिज्ञु पत्नीवन्तो नमस्यं नमस्यन् । रिरिक्वांसस्तन्वः कृण्वत स्वाः सखा सख्युर्निमिषि रक्षमाणाः ॥

सं॒जा॒ना॒ना उप॑ सीदन्नभि॒ज्ञु पत्नी॑वन्तो नम॒स्यं॑ नमस्यन् । रि॒रि॒क्वांस॑स्त॒न्व॑: कृण्वत॒ स्वाः सखा॒ सख्यु॑र्नि॒मिषि॒ रक्ष॑माणाः ॥

saṃ-jānānā́ upa sīdan abhí-jñu patnī́-vanto namasyáṃ namasyan | ririkvā́ṃsas tanváḥ kṛṇvata svā́ḥ sakhā́ sakhyúr nimiṣí rakṣámāṇāḥ ||

United in one understanding, they sat near the intimate Knower; endowed with the powers that are their consorts, they bowed to what is worthy of adoration. Becoming purified and faultless, they shaped their own bodies into their true form—friend guarding friend in the moment of inner vigilance.

स॒म्ऽजा॒ना॒नाः । उप॑ । सी॒द॒न् । अ॒भि॒ऽज्ञु । पत्नी॑ऽवन्तः । न॒म॒स्य॑म् । न॒म॒स्य॒न्निति॑ नमस्यन् । रि॒रि॒क्वांसः॑ । त॒न्वः॑ । कृ॒ण्व॒त॒ । स्वाः । सखा॑ । सख्युः॑ । नि॒ऽमिषि॑ । रक्ष॑माणाः ॥सम्जानानाः । उप । सीदन् । अभिज्ञु । पत्नीवन्तः । नमस्यम् । नमस्यन्निति नमस्यन् । रिरिक्वांसः । तन्वः । कृण्वत । स्वाः । सखा । सख्युः । निमिषि । रक्षमाणाः ॥sam-jānānāḥ | upa | sīdan | abhi-jñu | patnī-vantaḥ | namasyam | namasyannitinamasyan | ririkvāṃsaḥ | tanvaḥ | kṛṇvata | svāḥ | sakhā | sakhyuḥ | n i-miṣi | rakṣamāṇāḥ

संजानानाःagreeing together; being of one mind
संजानानाः:
Kartā (with implied finite verb ‘सीदन्/सीदन्ति’)
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Rootसम् + √ज्ञा (जानाति)
उपnear; up to
उप:
— (verbal preverb with √सद्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
सीदन्sitting down; approaching
सीदन्:
Kartā (co-referential with ‘संजानानाः’)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√सद् (सीदति) + उप
अभिज्ञुthe knowing one; the recognizer (i.e., the worthy/recognized one)
अभिज्ञु:
Karma (goal/object of ‘उप-सीदन्’)
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि + √ज्ञा / प्रातिपदिक ‘अभिज्ञु’
पत्नीवन्तःhaving wives; with consorts
पत्नीवन्तः:
Kartā (same agents as above)
TypeAdjective
Rootपत्नीवत् (पत्नी + वत्)
नमस्यम्the one to be worshipped; venerable
नमस्यम्:
Karma (object of ‘नमस्यन्’)
TypeAdjective (gerundive-like) / Noun-adj
Rootनमस्य (from √नम् ‘to bow’) / ‘नमस्य’ prātipadika
नमस्यन्worshipping; bowing to
नमस्यन्:
Kartā (same agents)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√नम् (नमति) → नमस्यति (denom.)
रिरिक्वांसःhaving left/abandoned (evil); purified/emptied (of fault)
रिरिक्वांसः:
Kartā (same agents; descriptive epithet)
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Root√रिच्/√रिक् (to empty/leave) → रिरिक्वांस् (perf. act. ptcp.)
तन्वःbodies; persons
तन्वः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतनू (स्त्री.)
कृण्वतmaking; fashioning
कृण्वत:
Kartā (same agents)
TypeVerb (participle)
Root√कृ (करोति)
स्वाःtheir own
स्वाः:
Karma (qualifier of ‘तन्वः’)
TypeAdjective/Pronoun
Rootस्व (pronominal adj.)
सखाa friend
सखा:
Kartā (of the following participle ‘रक्षमाणाः’ in sense: ‘as a friend…’)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
सख्युःof (his) friend
सख्युः:
Sambandha (genitive relation with ‘सखा’)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक)
निमिषिin a moment; at the wink (of an eye)
निमिषि:
Adhikaraṇa (locative: time/occasion)
TypeNoun
Rootनिमिष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wink/instant’)
रक्षमाणाःprotecting; guarding
रक्षमाणाः:
Kartā (same agents; ‘protecting…’)
TypeParticiple (Adjectival)
Root√रक्ष् (रक्षति)