Mantra 9
Sukta 1.23
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Indra (and/or Indra-associated power addressed as sudānava; context suggests Indra’s victorious force invoked)
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
हत वृत्रं सुदानव इन्द्रेण सहसा युजा । मा नो दुःशंस ईशत ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
ह॒त वृ॒त्रं सु॑दानव॒ इन्द्रे॑ण॒ सह॑सा यु॒जा । मा नो॑ दु॒:शंस॑ ईशत ॥
Transliteration
hata vṛtraṃ sudānava indreṇa sahasā yujā | mā no duḥśaṃsa īśata ||
Translation
Slay Vṛtra, O bounteous one, yoked with Indra’s force; let not the ill-speaking power rule over us—let falsehood and hostile suggestion be broken.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
ह॒त । वृ॒त्रम् । सु॒ऽदा॒न॒व॒ । इन्द्रे॑ण । सह॑सा । यु॒जा । मा । नः॒ । दुः॒ऽशंसः॑ । ई॒श॒त॒ ॥हत । वृत्रम् । सुदानव । इन्द्रेण । सहसा । युजा । मा । नः । दुःशंसः । ईशत ॥hata | vṛtram | su-dānava | indreṇa | sahasā | yujā | mā | naḥ | duḥ-śaṃsaḥ | īśata
Word by Word
हतsmite / having smitten
हत:
क्रिया (मुख्यक्रिया)
TypeVerb (finite; injunctive/aorist form used as imperative-like)
Root√हन् (हन्ति)
वृत्रम्Vṛtra (the obstructing demon)
वृत्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (प्रातिपदिक; from √वृ ‘to cover/obstruct’)
सुदानवःO good-giver
सुदानवः:
सम्बोधन (addressed to Indra)
TypeNoun (epithet, vocative)
Rootसु-दानव (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good-giver’)
इन्द्रेणwith/through Indra
इन्द्रेण:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
सहसाwith might, by force
सहसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootसहस् (प्रातिपदिक)
युजाas a yoked ally / in yoke
युजा:
करण (सहकारि-भावः)
TypeNoun/Adjective (instrumental; ‘as yoked (ally)’)
Rootयुज् (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-आधार; ‘yoke, yoked companion’)
माdo not
मा:
निषेध (क्रियाविशेषण-भावः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध)
नःof us / over us
नः:
सम्बन्ध/अधिकार (over whom)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
दुःशंसःthe evil-tongued (slanderer)
दुःशंसः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootदुः-शंस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ill-speaking, slanderer’)
ईशतmay (he) rule / have power
ईशत:
क्रिया (निषेध्य-क्रिया)
TypeVerb (finite)
Root√ईश् (ईष्टे/ईशते ‘to rule, have power’)