HomeRig VedaMandala 1Sukta 191Mantra 4
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Mantra 4

Sukta 1.191

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.191 in many Anukramaṇī traditions; verify against the specific śākhā index used)
Devata: Sūrya/Āditya as the all-seeing power that destroys the unseen (context of adṛṣṭa-han in adjacent verses)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for this section; confirm by syllable count in the full critical recension)

नि गावो गोष्ठे असदन्नि मृगासो अविक्षत । नि केतवो जनानां न्यदृष्टा अलिप्सत ॥

नि गावो॑ गो॒ष्ठे अ॑सद॒न्नि मृ॒गासो॑ अविक्षत । नि के॒तवो॒ जना॑नां॒ न्य१॒॑दृष्टा॑ अलिप्सत ॥

ní gā́vo goṣṭhé asadanní mṛgā́so avikṣata | ní ketávo jánānāṃ nyàdṛ́ṣṭā alipsata ||

Let the luminous powers (the Cows of Light) settle in their true station; let the restless impulses (the wild ones) be stilled. Let the discerning lights in human beings be brought down into calm clarity; let the unseen hostile forces lose their hold and slip away.

नि । गावः॑ । गो॒ऽस्थे । अ॒स॒द॒न् । नि । मृ॒गासः॑ । अ॒वि॒क्ष॒त॒ । नि । के॒तवः॑ । जना॑नाम् । नि । अ॒दृष्टाः॑ । अ॒लि॒प्स॒त॒ ॥नि । गावः । गोस्थे । असदन् । नि । मृगासः । अविक्षत । नि । केतवः । जनानाम् । नि । अदृष्टाः । अलिप्सत ॥ni | gāvaḥ | go--sthe | asadan | ni | mṛgāsaḥ | avikṣata | ni | ketavaḥ | janānām | ni | adṛṣṭāḥ | alipsata

निdown; away; into (as preverb)
नि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
गावःthe cows
गावः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
गोष्ठेin the cowshed/stall
गोष्ठे:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootगो-ष्ठ (गो + √स्था/ष्ठा; प्रातिपदिक: गोष्ठ)
असदन्sat down; settled
असदन्:
TypeVerb
Root√सद् (सीदति) + नि (उपसर्ग)
निdown; away
नि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
मृगासःthe wild beasts/animals
मृगासः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootमृग (प्रातिपदिक)
अविक्षतdid not stir; were not disturbed
अविक्षत:
TypeVerb
Root√विक्ष्/विक्ष् (विक्षति/विक्षते ‘to be disturbed, to move about, to be agitated’) + अ (निषेध)
निdown; away
नि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
केतवःthe lights/meteors; (also) banners, signs
केतवः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
जनानाम्of the people
जनानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
निdown; away
नि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनि (उपसर्ग/निपात)
अदृष्टाःunseen; not seen
अदृष्टाः:
Kartā (as predicate/qualifier of subject) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Root√दृश् (पश्यति) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त) + अ- (निषेध)
अलिप्सतdid not desire/seek (to harm/obtain)
अलिप्सत:
TypeVerb
Root√लिप्स्/√लिप् (लिप्सते ‘to desire, to long for; to seek to obtain’) + अ (निषेध)