Mantra 5
Sukta 1.12
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
घृताहवन दीदिवः प्रति ष्म रिषतो दह । अग्ने त्वं रक्षस्विनः ॥
Samhita Patha (IAST)
घृता॑हवन दीदिव॒: प्रति॑ ष्म॒ रिष॑तो दह । अग्ने॒ त्वं र॑क्ष॒स्विन॑: ॥
Transliteration
ghṛtā́havana dī́divaḥ práti ṣmá ríṣato daha | agne tváṃ rakṣasvínaḥ ||
Translation
O you who are called with clarified offering, O shining Agni, burn back the assailing forces; you, Agni, are the protector against the powers of distortion and darkness.
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
घृत॑ऽआहवन । दी॒दि॒ऽवः॒ । प्रति॑ । स्म॒ । रिष॑तः । द॒ह॒ । अग्ने॑ । त्वम् । र॒क्ष॒स्विनः॑ ॥घृतआहवन । दीदिवः । प्रति । स्म । रिषतः । दह । अग्ने । त्वम् । रक्षस्विनः ॥ghṛta-āhavana | dīdi-vaḥ | prati | sma | riṣataḥ | daha | agne | tvam | rakṣasvinaḥ
Word by Word
घृताहवन(O Agni) whose invocation is with ghee / ghee-invoked
घृताहवन:
सम्बोधन (address to Agni)
TypeNoun (compound epithet)
Rootघृत- + आहवन (आ-√ह्वे/ह्वा ‘to call, invoke’ → आहवन ‘invocation/calling’; prātipadika compound)
दीदिवःO shining one
दीदिवः:
सम्बोधन (address)
TypeAdjective/Noun (epithet)
Rootदीदिवस्- (from √दीप/√दीव ‘to shine’ → ‘shining, luminous’; prātipadika)
प्रतिagainst; towards
प्रति:
(directional particle with verb)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/preposition)
Rootप्रति
ष्मindeed; just
ष्म:
—
TypeIndeclinable (particle)
Rootष्म (enclitic particle)
रिषतःthe harming ones; injurers
रिषतः:
कर्म
TypeAdjective (participle)
Rootरिषत्- (present participle from √रिष् ‘to injure, harm’)
दहburn!
दह:
(verb; action)
TypeVerb
Root√दह् (to burn)
अग्नेO Agni
अग्ने:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि-
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्- (pronoun stem)
रक्षस्विनःthe protected ones; those under protection
रक्षस्विनः:
कर्म
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootरक्षस्विन्- (possessive adj. from रक्षस् ‘protection’ < √रक्ष् ‘to protect’)