Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 2

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

युद्धेहतोमहाराजलक्ष्मणेनतवात्मजः ।विभीषणसहायेनमिषतांनोमहाद्युतिः ।।।।

Transliteration

yuddhe hato mahārāja lakṣmaṇena tavātmajaḥ |

vibhīṣaṇa-sahāyena miṣatāṃ no mahādyutiḥ ||

Translation

“O King! Your illustrious son has been slain in battle by Lakṣmaṇa, aided by Vibhīṣaṇa—while we all stood watching.”

Word by Word

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन

• हतः: killed
• हतः: Kriya (क्रिया; predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महाराज: O great king
• महाराज: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः; पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• लक्ष्मणेन: by Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणेन: Karana (करण/Agent-instrument; doer in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन

• आत्मजः: son
• आत्मजः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः (आत्मनः जातः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विभीषणसहायेन: with Vibhishana as helper
• विभीषणसहायेन: Karana (करण/Instrument; accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विभीषण + सहाय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः (विभीषणः सहायः यस्य/येन); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• मिषताम्: while (we) were looking
• मिषताम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; genitive absolute-like)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मिष् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present participle); पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; अर्थः: पश्यताम्

• नः: of us
• नः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन

• महाद्युतिः: O greatly radiant one
• महाद्युतिः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address; implied)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाद्युति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (सम्बोधनार्थे अपि प्रयुज्यते)

Context

By nature, he is angry. Now with the loss of his son, he was glowing like the Sun that shines brighter by the rays in summer.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Vibhīṣaṇa
• Indrajit (implied as 'your son')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya (truthful reporting) in a royal court: even painful facts must be conveyed plainly, because right action in governance depends on accurate truth.

What is the narrative situation?

A messenger informs Rāvaṇa that his son (Indrajit) has been killed in battle by Lakṣmaṇa, with Vibhīṣaṇa’s assistance, in full view of others.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truthfulness and duty in speech (responsible testimony), despite fear of the king’s anger.