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Shloka 33

हनूमता सुग्रीवस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Hanuman’s Counsel on Timely Ally-Duty

त्रिपञ्चरात्रादूर्ध्वं यः प्राप्नुयान्नेह वानरः।तस्य प्राणान्तिको दण्डो नात्र कार्या विचारणा4.29.33।।

tripañcarātrād ūrdhvaṃ yaḥ prāpnuyān neha vānaraḥ | tasya prāṇāntiko daṇḍo nātra kāryā vicāraṇā || 4.29.33 ||

Any monkey who arrives here after three or five nights have passed shall face punishment up to death—there is no room for debate in this matter.

tripañcarātrātafter three or five nights
tripañcarātrāt:
Apādāna/Time-from (अपादान/काल-आरम्भ)
TypeNoun
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + pañca (प्रातिपदिक) + rātra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDvigu-samāsa (द्विगु) ‘tri-pañca-rātrāḥ’ (three/five nights) used as a time-unit; Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular (एकवचन)
ūrdhvambeyond/after that
ūrdhvam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootūrdhva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय) used as adverb meaning ‘beyond/after’
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
prāpnuyātshould arrive/reach
prāpnuyāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√āp (आप् धातु)
FormOptative/vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Negation particle (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormPratiṣedha-nipāta (प्रतिषेध-निपात), negation
ihahere
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
FormDeśa-avyaya (देश-अव्यय), adverb of place
vānaraḥa monkey/vanara
vānaraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvānara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); in apposition to yaḥ
tasyaof him/for him
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)
prāṇāntikaḥending in death/capital
prāṇāntikaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + antika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘prāṇānām antikaḥ’ = reaching life; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन), adjective qualifying daṇḍaḥ
daṇḍaḥpunishment
daṇḍaḥ:
Karta/Predicate nominal (कर्ता/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootdaṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Negation particle (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormPratiṣedha-nipāta (प्रतिषेध-निपात)
atrahere/in this matter
atra:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatra (अव्यय)
FormDeśa-avyaya (देश-अव्यय), adverb of place
kāryāto be done/required
kāryā:
Vidhāna/Predicate (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootkārya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective agreeing with vicāraṇā; gerundive sense ‘to be done’
vicāraṇādeliberation/inquiry
vicāraṇā:
Karta/Predicate nominal (कर्ता/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootvicāraṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)
S
Sugrīva
V
Vānara (monkey troops)

FAQs

Kāla-dharma: duty must be performed within time. The verse frames timeliness as a moral and strategic necessity, enforced through strict discipline.

To ensure rapid mobilization for Rāma’s mission, Sugrīva sets a hard deadline and prescribes severe penalties for delay.

Sugrīva’s decisiveness and prioritization of mission over comfort; a ruler’s firmness in enforcing collective duty.