Shloka 11

द्वितीयः सर्गः (Sarga 2): Sugriva’s Alarm and Hanuman’s Commission

Devanagari script

आप्लवन्तो हरिवरास्सर्वतस्तं महागिरिम्।मृगमार्जारशार्दूलांस्त्रासयन्तो ययुस्तदा।।

Transliteration

āplavanto hari-varāḥ sarvatas taṃ mahā-girim | mṛga-mārjāra-śārdūlān trāsayanto yayus tadā ||

Translation

At that time the best of monkeys leapt all over that great mountain, frightening deer, wildcats, and tigers as they moved about.

Word by Word

• āplavantaḥ: jumping/leaping
• āplavantaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-plu (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle, शतृ), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• harivarāḥ: the best monkeys
• harivarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari-vara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (श्रेष्ठाः हरयः), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• sarvataḥ: from all sides/everywhere
• sarvataḥ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sarvatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• tam: that (mountain)
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• mahāgirim: the great mountain
• mahāgirim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā-giri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (महान् गिरिः), पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• mṛga-mārjāra-śārdūlān: deer, wild-cats, and tigers
• mṛga-mārjāra-śārdūlān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mṛga + mārjāra + śārdūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व-समास, पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• trāsayantaḥ: frightening
• trāsayantaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tras (धातु)
• Form: णिच्-प्रत्ययान्त causative (त्रासयति), वर्तमानकाले शतृ-कृदन्त, पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• yayuḥ: went
• yayuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (temporal adverb)

Context

The great monkeys went on leaping all over the great (Rishyamuka) mountain, scaring the deer, wild-cats and tigers.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara-s
• deer
• tigers

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A dharmic reading highlights awareness of consequences: even non-lethal actions can cause fear and harm to other beings, implying the value of restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

The monkeys’ energetic movements across the mountain disturb the wildlife.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Strength and agility—paired with an implied lesson that such power should be moderated.