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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 20, Shloka 12

राज्ञः शङ्का

प्रत्याख्यानम् (Daśaratha’s Objections to Sending Rāma) — Bala Kanda, Sarga 20

किंवीर्या राक्षसास्ते च कस्य पुत्राश्च ते च के।।।।कथं प्रमाणा: के चैतान्रक्षन्ति मुनिपुङ्गव।

kiṃvīryā rākṣasās te ca kasya putrāś ca te ca ke |

kathaṃ-pramāṇāḥ ke ca etān rakṣanti muni-puṅgava ||1.20.12||

O foremost of sages, what is the strength of those rākṣasas? Whose sons are they, and who are they? How large are they in form, and who protects them?

kimvīryāḥof what power?
kimvīryāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; interrogative tatpuruṣa (‘of what power?’) qualifying rākṣasāḥ
rākṣasāḥrākṣasas
rākṣasāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootrākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana
tethose
te:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; demonstrative with rākṣasāḥ
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta
kasyaof whom/whose
kasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; interrogative genitive
putrāḥsons
putrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject; predicate to rākṣasāḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-apposition)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta
kewho?
ke:
Prashna (प्रश्न/interrogative predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; interrogative pronoun
kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormPraśna-avyaya (interrogative adverb)
pramāṇāḥof what size?
pramāṇāḥ:
Pradhāna-vidheya (विधेय/predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootpramāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; predicate adjective about rākṣasāḥ (‘of what size/measure’)
kewho?
ke:
Karta (कर्ता/subject of rakṣanti)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana; interrogative pronoun
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta
etānthese (ones)
etān:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Bahuvacana
rakṣantiprotect, guard
rakṣanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√rakṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ (present), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada
munipuṅgavaO best of sages
munipuṅgava:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmuni (प्रातिपदिक) + puṅgava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Sambodhana (vocative), Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa (‘bull among sages’=best of sages)

O best of sages, how powerful are those rakshsas? Whose sons are they? Who are they and how huge is their body? Who are protecting them?

D
Daśaratha
V
Viśvāmitra
R
rākṣasas

FAQs

Responsible action requires knowledge: before committing a child/royal heir to danger, a ruler must inquire into the threat—an aspect of dharmic prudence (nīti).

Daśaratha interrogates the details of the rākṣasa threat—power, lineage, size, and protection—seeking grounds for an informed decision.

Daśaratha’s nīti-minded caution: he seeks clarity rather than acting blindly.