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Shloka 14

Aśvatthāman’s Admonition to Karṇa on Boasting, Varṇa-Duties, and the Threat of Arjuna

Virāṭa-parva, Adhyāya 45

अर्जुन उवाच (उर्वशीशापसम्भूतं क्लैब्यं मां समुपस्थितम्‌ । पुराहमाज्ञया क्षातुर्ज्येष्टस्यास्मि सुरालयम्‌ ।। प्राप्तवानुर्वशी दृष्टा सुधर्मायां मया तदा । नृत्यन्ती परमं रूप॑ बिभ्रती वज़िसंनिधौ ।। अपश्यंस्तामनिमिषं कूटस्थामन्वयस्य मे । रात्रौ समागता महां शयानं रन्तुमिच्छया ।। अहं तामभिवाद्यैव मातृसत्कारमाचरम्‌ । सा च मामशपत्‌ क्रुद्धा शिखण्डी त्वं भवेरिति ।। श्रुत्वा तमिन्द्रो मामाह मा भैस्त्वं पार्थ षण्ढत: । उपकारो भवेत्‌ तुभ्यमज्ञातवसतौ पुरा ।। इतीन्द्रो मामनुग्राह्म ततः प्रेषितवान्‌ वृषा । तदिदं समनुप्राप्तं ब्रत॑ं तीर्ण मयानघ ।।) अर्जुन बोले--महाबाहो! उर्वशीके शापसे मुझे यह नपुंसकभाव प्राप्त हुआ है। पूर्वकालमें मैं अपने बड़े भाईकी आज्ञासे देवलोकमें गया था। वहाँ सुधर्मा नामक सभामें मैंने उस समय उर्वशी अप्सराको देखा। वह परम सुन्दर रूप धारण करके वज्धारी इन्द्रके समीप नृत्य कर रही थी। मेरे वंशकी मूलहेतु (जननी) होनेके कारण मैं उसे अपलक नेत्रोंसे देखने लगा। तब वह रातमें सोते समय रमणकी इच्छासे मेरे पास आयी, परंतु मैंने उसे प्रणाम करके (उसकी इच्छाकी पूर्ति न करके) उसका माताके समान सत्कार किया। तब उसने कुपित होकर मुझे शाप दे दिया--'तुम नपुंसक हो जाओ।” तब इन्द्रने वह शाप सुनकर मुझसे कहा--'पार्थ! तुम नपुंसक होनेसे डरो मत। यह तुम्हारे लिये अज्ञातवासके समय उपकारक होगा।” इस प्रकार देवराज इन्द्रने मुझपर अनुग्रह करके यह आश्वासन दिया और स्वर्गलोकसे यहाँ भेजा। अनघ! वही यह व्रत प्राप्त हुआ था, जिसको मैंने पूरा किया है। भ्रातुर्नियोगाज्ज्येष्ठस्य संवत्सरमिदं व्रतम्‌ । चरामि व्रतचर्य च सत्यमेतद्‌ ब्रवीमि ते,महाबाहो! मैं बड़े भाईकी आज्ञासे इस वर्ष एक व्रतका पालन कर रहा था। उस व्रतकी जो दिनचर्या है, उसके अनुसार मैं नपुंसक बनकर रहा हूँ। मैं तुमसे यह सच्ची बात कह रहा हूँ। वास्तवमें मैं नपुंसक नहीं हूँ; भाईकी आज्ञाके अधीन होकर धर्मके पालनमें तत्पर रहा हूँ। राजकुमार! तुम्हें मालूम होना चाहिये कि अब मेरा व्रत समाप्त हो गया है; अतः मैं नपुंसकभावके कष्टसे भी मुक्त हो चुका हूँ

arjuna uvāca—urvaśī-śāpa-sambhūtaṁ klaibyaṁ māṁ samupasthitam | purāham ājñayā kṣātuḥ jyeṣṭhasyāsmi surālayam || prāptavān urvaśīṁ dṛṣṭā sudharmāyāṁ mayā tadā | nṛtyantīṁ paramaṁ rūpaṁ bibhratīṁ vajri-saṁnidhau || apaśyaṁs tām animiṣaṁ kūṭasthām anvayasya me | rātrau samāgatā māṁ śayānaṁ rantum icchayā || ahaṁ tām abhivādyaiva mātṛ-satkāram ācaram | sā ca mām aśapat kruddhā śikhaṇḍī tvaṁ bhaver iti || śrutvā tam indro mām āha mā bhaiṣṭvaṁ pārtha ṣaṇḍhataḥ | upakāro bhavet tubhyam ajñāta-vasatau purā || itīndro mām anugṛhya tataḥ preṣitavān vṛṣā | tad idaṁ samanupprāptaṁ vrataṁ tīrṇaṁ mayānagha || bhrātur niyogāj jyeṣṭhasya saṁvatsaram idaṁ vratam | carāmi vrata-caryāṁ ca satyam etad bravīmi te ||

Arjuna said: “Mighty-armed one, this condition of eunuchhood has come upon me as the result of Urvaśī’s curse. Long ago, by the command of my eldest brother, I went to the world of the gods. There, in the assembly called Sudharmā, I saw the apsaras Urvaśī—of supremely beautiful form—dancing near Indra, the wielder of the thunderbolt. Since she is regarded as a foremother in my lineage, I looked upon her steadily without blinking. Then, at night, she came to me as I lay down, desiring union. But I bowed to her and treated her with the reverence due to a mother, refusing her desire. Enraged, she cursed me: ‘Become a eunuch—be like Śikhaṇḍī.’ Hearing that curse, Indra said to me, ‘Do not fear, Pārtha, because of this eunuchhood. It will be of help to you during the time of living incognito.’ Thus Indra showed me favor and sent me back. Blameless one, that very vow has now reached its term; I have completed it. By the injunction of my eldest brother, I have observed this vow for a year, living according to its discipline. I tell you the truth: I am not truly impotent—bound by my brother’s command, I have been intent on dharma. Now the vow is finished, and I am released from the hardship of this condition.”

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
उर्वशी-शाप-सम्भूतम्arisen from Urvaśī's curse
उर्वशी-शाप-सम्भूतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्भूत (सम्+भू)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्लैब्यम्impotence/eunuchhood
क्लैब्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्लैब्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
समुपस्थितम्has come upon / has befallen
समुपस्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउपस्थित (सम्+उप+स्था)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुराformerly
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
आज्ञयाby the command
आज्ञया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआज्ञा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
भ्रातुःof (my) brother
भ्रातुः:
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ज्येष्ठस्यof the eldest
ज्येष्ठस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अस्मिam
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
सुरालयम्the abode of the gods (heaven)
सुरालयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुरालय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्तवान्having reached / I reached
प्राप्तवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्राप्तवत् (प्र+आप्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उर्वशीUrvaśī
उर्वशी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउर्वशी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दृष्टाwas seen
दृष्टा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृष्ट (दृश्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुधर्मायाम्in (the hall) Sudharmā
सुधर्मायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुधर्मा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
नृत्यन्तीdancing
नृत्यन्ती:
TypeVerb
Rootनृत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
परमम्supreme/very great
परमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रूपम्form/beauty
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बिभ्रतीbearing/wearing
बिभ्रती:
TypeVerb
Rootभृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वज्रि-संनिधौin the presence of the thunderbolt-bearer (Indra)
वज्रि-संनिधौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंनिधि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अपश्यम्I saw
अपश्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormImperfect, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
ताम्her
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अनिमिषम्unblinking
अनिमिषम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनिमिष
कूटस्थाम्standing firm/steadfast
कूटस्थाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकूटस्था
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अन्वयस्यof the lineage
अन्वयस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअन्वय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
समागताcame
समागता:
TypeVerb
Rootसमागत (सम्+आ+गम्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
माम्to me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
शयानम्lying (asleep)
शयानम्:
TypeVerb
Rootशी
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रन्तुम्to sport/enjoy (sexually)
रन्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootरम्
FormInfinitive
इच्छयाwith desire
इच्छया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइच्छा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
ताम्her
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अभिवाद्यhaving saluted
अभिवाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि+वद्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
मातृ-सत्कारम्honour as to a mother
मातृ-सत्कारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्कार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आचरम्I performed
आचरम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ+चर्
FormImperfect, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
अशपत्cursed
अशपत्:
TypeVerb
Rootशप्
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्रुद्धाangry
क्रुद्धा:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (क्रुध्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शिखण्डीŚikhaṇḍī
शिखण्डी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिखण्डी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
भवbecome
भव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
तम्that (curse/statement)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
आहsaid
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/वच्-अर्थे)
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
भैःfear
भैः:
TypeVerb
Rootभी
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
पार्थO Pārtha
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
षण्ढतःfrom being a eunuch
षण्ढतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootषण्ढ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
उपकारःa benefit
उपकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तुभ्यम्for you
तुभ्यम्:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Singular
अज्ञात-वसतौin the period of living incognito
अज्ञात-वसतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवसति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पुराbeforehand
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
अनुगृह्यhaving favoured/blessed
अनुगृह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+ग्रह्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
ततःthen
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्रेषितवान्sent (me)
प्रेषितवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रेषितवत् (प्र+इष्/प्रेष् caus.)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
समनुप्राप्तम्has accordingly come to pass
समनुप्राप्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुप्राप्त (सम्+अनु+प्र+आप्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
व्रतम्vow/observance
व्रतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तीर्णम्completed/fulfilled
तीर्णम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतीर्ण (तॄ)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
अनघO blameless one
अनघ:
TypeNoun
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अर्जुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
U
Urvaśī
I
Indra (Vajrin)
S
Sudharmā (assembly hall)
S
Svarga / Surālaya (heaven)
Ś
Śikhaṇḍī
E
Eldest brother (Yudhiṣṭhira, implied)
A
Ajñātavāsa (incognito exile, as a period/event)

Educational Q&A

Arjuna frames his altered condition not as shame but as a dharmic discipline shaped by circumstance: self-control in the face of temptation, honoring relationships with moral clarity, and accepting even a curse as something that can be redirected toward a righteous purpose (especially for protecting the larger vow of incognito living).

Arjuna explains the origin of his eunuch-like disguise: Urvaśī cursed him when he refused her advances and treated her as a mother-figure; Indra then limited the curse’s effect so it would become useful during the Pāṇḍavas’ year of living incognito. Arjuna states that the vow-term has now ended and the condition is no longer binding.