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Shloka 10

Aśvatthāman’s Admonition to Karṇa on Boasting, Varṇa-Duties, and the Threat of Arjuna

Virāṭa-parva, Adhyāya 45

उत्तर उवाच बिभेमि नाहमेतेषां जानामि त्वां स्थिरं युधि | केशवेनापि संग्रामे साक्षादिन्द्रेण वा समम्‌

uttara uvāca bibhemi nāham eteṣāṃ jānāmi tvāṃ sthiraṃ yudhi | keśavenāpi saṅgrāme sākṣādindreṇa vā samam ||

Uttara said: “I am not afraid of them. I know you to be steadfast in battle—equal in combat even to Keśava, or to Indra himself in person.”

उत्तरःUttara (name)
उत्तरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउत्तर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बिभेमिI fear
बिभेमि:
TypeVerb
Rootभी
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormMasculine/Feminine, Nominative, Singular
एतेषाम्of these (men)
एतेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
जानामिI know
जानामि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine/Feminine, Accusative, Singular
स्थिरम्steadfast, firm
स्थिरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थिर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
युधिin battle
युधि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
केशवेनby/with Keshava (Krishna)
केशवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
साक्षात्directly, in person
साक्षात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात्
इन्द्रेणby/with Indra
इन्द्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
समम्equally, on a par
समम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम

उत्तर उवाच

U
Uttara
K
Keśava (Krishna)
I
Indra

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ideal of steadiness in battle and the ethical power of recognizing true capability: fear diminishes when one trusts proven valor and leadership, expressed here through exalted comparisons to Krishna and Indra.

Uttara addresses his companion/leader in the war context and declares he is not afraid of the opposing warriors because he knows the other to be unwavering in combat, praising him as equal to Keśava or even Indra.