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Shloka 43

द्रौपद्याः भीमसेन-प्रबोधनम्

Draupadī Awakens Bhīmasena

(श्रूयन्तां ते सुकेशान्ते मोक्षधर्माश्रया: कथा: । यथा धर्म: कुलस्त्रीणां दृष्टो धर्मानुरोधनात्‌ ।। 'सुन्दर केशप्रान्तवाली सैरन्ध्री! तुम मोक्षधर्मसे सम्बन्ध रखनेवाली बातें सुनो। धर्मशास्त्रके अनुसार कुलवती स्त्रियोंका धर्म इस प्रकार देखा गया है। नास्ति वक्षित्‌ स्त्रिया यज्ञो न श्राद्ध नाप्युपोषणम्‌ । या च भर्तरि शुश्रूषा सा स्वर्गायाभिजायते ।। 'स्त्रीके लिये न तो कोई यज्ञ है, न श्राद्ध है और न उपवासका ही विधान है। स्त्रियोंके द्वारा जो पतिकी सेवा होती है, वही उन्हें स्वर्गकी प्राप्ति करानेवाली है। पिता रक्षति कौमारे भर्ता रक्षति यौवने । पुत्रस्तु स्थविरे भावे न स्त्री स्वाततन्त्रयमहति ।। “कुमारावस्थामें पिता, युवावस्थामें पति और वृद्धावस्थामें पुत्र नारीकी रक्षा करता है। सत्रीको कभी स्वतन्त्र नहीं रहना चाहिये। भर्त्‌न्‌ प्रति तथा पत्न्यो न क्रुध्यन्ति कदाचन | बहुभिश्न परिक्लेशैरवज्ञाताश्न शत्रुभि: ।। 'पतिव्रता स्त्रियाँ नाना प्रकारके क्लेश सहकर तथा शत्रुओंद्वारा अपमानित होकर भी अपने पतियोंपर कभी क्रोध नहीं करतीं। अनन्यभावशुश्रूषा: पुण्यलोकं व्रजन्त्युत । नक्ुद्धान्‌ प्रति यायाद्‌ वै पतींस्ते वृत्रहा अपि ।। “इस प्रकार अनन्यभावसे पतिकी शुश्रूषा करनेवाली स्त्रियाँ पुण्यलोकोंको प्राप्त कर लेती हैं। सैरन्ध्री! तुम्हारे पतियोंके कुपित होनेपर तो वृत्रहन्ता इन्द्र भी युद्धमें उनका सामना नहीं कर सकते। यदि ते समय: कश्चित्‌ कृतो ह्यायतलोचने । तं॑ स्मरस्व क्षमाशीले क्षमा धर्मो हानुत्तम: ।। “विशाललोचने! यदि उनके साथ तेरी कोई शर्त हुई हो तो उसे याद कर ले। क्षमाशीले! क्षमा सबसे उत्तम धर्म है। क्षमा सत्यं क्षमा दान क्षमा धर्म: क्षमा तप: | क्षमावतामयं लोक: परलोक: क्षमावताम्‌ ।। द्वयंशिनो द्वादशाड्रस्य चतुर्विशतिपर्वण: । कः षष्टित्रिशतारस्य मासोनस्याक्षमी भवेत्‌ ।। 'क्षमा सत्य है, क्षमा दान है, क्षमा धर्म है और क्षमा ही तप है। क्षमाशील मनुष्योंके लिये ही यह लोक और परलोक है। जिसके दो (उत्तरायण एवं दक्षिणायन) अंश हैं, बारह (मास) अंग हैं, चौबीस (पक्ष) पर्व हैं और तीन सौ साठ (दिन) अरे हैं, उस कालचक्रके पूर्ण होनेमें यदि एक मासकी ही कमी रह गयी हो; तो कौन उसकी प्रतीक्षा न करके क्षमाका त्याग कर सकता है?'। वैशम्पायन उवाच इत्येवमुक्ते तिष्ठन्तीं पुनरेवाह धर्मराट्‌ ।) वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! इतना कहनेपर भी जब द्रौपदी वहाँ खड़ी ही रह गयी, तब धर्मराजने पुन: उससे कहा--। अकालज्ञासि सैरन्ध्रि शैलूषीव विरोदिषि | विघ्नं करोषि मत्स्यानां दीव्यतां राजसंसदि

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

śrūyantāṁ te sukeśānte mokṣadharmāśrayāḥ kathāḥ |

yathā dharmaḥ kulastrīṇāṁ dṛṣṭo dharmānurodhanāt ||

nāsti vakṣit striyā yajño na śrāddha nāpy upoṣaṇam |

yā ca bhartari śuśrūṣā sā svargāyābhijāyate ||

pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvanae |

putras tu sthavire bhāve na strī svātantryam arhati ||

bhartṝn prati tathā patnyo na krudhyanti kadācana |

bahubhiś ca parikleśair avajñātāś ca śatrubhiḥ ||

ananyabhāvaśuśrūṣāḥ puṇyalokaṁ vrajanty uta |

a-kruddhān prati yāyād vai patīṁs te vṛtrahā api ||

yadi te samayaḥ kaścit kṛto hy āyatalocane |

taṁ smarasva kṣamāśīle kṣamā dharmo hy anuttamaḥ ||

kṣamā satyaṁ kṣamā dānaṁ kṣamā dharmaḥ kṣamā tapaḥ |

kṣamāvatām ayaṁ lokaḥ paralokaḥ kṣamāvatām ||

dvayaṁśino dvādaśāṅgasya caturviṁśatiparvaṇaḥ |

kaḥ ṣaṣṭitriśatārasya māso nyūnasyākṣamī bhavet ||

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

ity evam ukte tiṣṭhantīṁ punar evāha dharmarāṭ |

akālajñāsi sairandhri śailūṣīva virodhiṣi |

vighnaṁ karoṣi matsyānāṁ dīvyatāṁ rājasam̐sadi ||

Vaiśampāyana said: “Listen, O fair-haired Sairandhrī, to accounts grounded in the dharma of liberation. In accordance with dharma, the duty of noble women has been understood in this way. For a woman, it is said, there is no separate injunction of sacrifice, no śrāddha, nor even a rule of fasting; the devoted service rendered to her husband is what leads her to heaven. In childhood the father protects her, in youth the husband protects her, and in old age the son protects her; a woman is not fit to live in complete independence. Wives devoted to their husbands do not become angry with their husbands at any time, even when they endure many hardships and are insulted by enemies. Those who serve with single-minded devotion attain meritorious worlds; and when their husbands are enraged, even Indra the slayer of Vṛtra would not dare confront them in battle. If there was any agreement made by you, O wide-eyed one, remember it. O patient one, forgiveness is the highest dharma. Forgiveness is truth; forgiveness is giving; forgiveness is dharma; forgiveness is austerity. This world and the next belong to the forgiving. Time is a wheel with two halves (the two solsticial courses), twelve limbs (months), twenty-four joints (fortnights), and three hundred and sixty spokes (days). If, in completing that cycle, only a single month remains, who would abandon patience and refuse to wait? Vaiśampāyana continued: Even after he had spoken thus, when Draupadī still stood there, Dharmarāja spoke to her again: ‘You do not know the proper time, O Sairandhrī; you oppose like an actress. You are creating an obstacle for the Matsyas while they are engaged in play in the royal hall.’

अकालज्ञाone who does not know the proper time
अकालज्ञा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअकालज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
असिyou are
असि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent Indicative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
सैरन्ध्रिO Sairandhrī (maid/attendant)
सैरन्ध्रि:
TypeNoun
Rootसैरन्ध्री
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
शैलूषीan actress/performer
शैलूषी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैलूषी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
विरोधिषिyou oppose/contradict
विरोधिषि:
TypeVerb
Rootविरोध
FormPresent Indicative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
विघ्नम्obstacle, hindrance
विघ्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविघ्न
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
करोषिyou make/do
करोषि:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent Indicative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
मत्स्यानाम्of the Matsyas
मत्स्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दीव्यताम्let (them) play (dice)/sport
दीव्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदिव्
FormImperative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
राजसंसदिin the royal assembly
राजसंसदि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजसंसद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Sairandhrī (Draupadī in disguise)
D
Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
I
Indra (Vṛtrahā)
V
Vṛtra
M
Matsya kingdom/people
R
royal assembly hall (rāja-saṁsad)

Educational Q&A

The passage elevates kṣamā (forbearance/forgiveness) as the highest dharma and urges patience by invoking the image of the time-wheel: if one can wait for the completion of a cycle with only a month remaining, one should not abandon restraint. It also frames an ideal of single-minded marital devotion and self-control under pressure, presented as a normative ethical instruction within the narrative.

In Virāṭa’s court, Yudhiṣṭhira (as Dharmarāja) addresses Sairandhrī (Draupadī in disguise), instructing her to restrain herself and endure with patience. After this extended counsel on duty and forgiveness, he rebukes her for being ‘untimely’ and for creating an obstacle to the Matsyas’ ongoing activity in the royal hall.