Shloka 13

इन्द्रद्युम्नोपाख्यानम्

Indradyumna Upākhyāna: On Kīrti, Smṛti, and Restoration

Devanagari script

मनुष्याणामनुयुगं हसतीति निबोध मे । राजानो ब्राह्माणा वैश्या: शूद्राश्वैव युधिष्ठिर

Transliteration

manuṣyāṇām anuyugaṁ hasatīti nibodha me | rājāno brāhmaṇā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāś caiva yudhiṣṭhira

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya said: “Understand from me how, in each successive age, human society becomes a matter of ridicule and decline. O Yudhiṣṭhira—kings, brāhmaṇas, vaiśyas, and śūdras alike (all fall into that pattern).”

Word by Word

• मनुष्याणाम्: of men / among humans
• मनुष्याणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• अनुयुगम्: in each age / age after age
• अनुयुगम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनुयुग
• Form: true

• हसति: laughs
• हसति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: हस्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इति: thus (quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति
• Form: true

• निबोध: understand / know
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध्
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मे: of me / my
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्राह्मणाः: brahmins
• ब्राह्मणाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वैश्याः: vaisyas
• वैश्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शूद्राः: sudras
• शूद्राः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: true

• एव: indeed / just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: true

• युधिष्ठिर: O Yudhishthira
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Mārkaṇḍeya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• rājānaḥ (kings)
• brāhmaṇāḥ
• vaiśyāḥ
• śūdrāḥ
• yuga (age/epoch)