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Shloka 55

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा द्रष्टा ज्यामुखाद्‌ बाणसंघान्‌ गाण्डीवमुक्तानापतत: शिताग्रान्‌ । हयान्‌ गजान्‌ वर्मिणश्चाददानां- स्तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌,“मेरे गाण्डीव धनुषकी प्रत्यंचासे छोड़े हुए तीखी धारवाले सुन्दर पंखोंसे युक्त भयंकर बाणसमूह मेघसे निकली हुई अत्यन्त भयानक विद्युतुकी चिनगारियोंके समान जब युद्धभूमिमें शत्रुओंपर पड़ेंगे और उनकी हड्डियोंको काटते तथा मर्मस्थानोंको विदीर्ण करते हुए सहस्र-सहस्र सैनिकोंको मौतके घाट उतारने लगेंगे, साथ ही कितने ही घोड़ों, हाथियों तथा कवचधारी योद्धाओंके प्राण लेना प्रारम्भ करेंगे, उस समय जब धृतराष्ट्रपुत्र दुर्योधन यह सब देखेगा, तब युद्ध छेड़नेकी भूलके कारण वह बहुत पछतायेगा

sañjaya uvāca | yadā draṣṭā jyāmukhād bāṇasaṅghān gāṇḍīvamuktān āpatataḥ śitāgrān | hayān gajān varmiṇaś cādadānāṃs tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro 'nv-atapsyat ||

Sañjaya said: “When he sees the volleys of sharp-pointed arrows, released from the bowstring of Gāṇḍīva, rushing down—taking the lives of horses, elephants, and armored warriors—then, in the midst of battle, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra will burn with remorse.”

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
द्रष्टाthe seer/one who will see
द्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदृश्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्यामुखात्from the bowstring-end (nock)
ज्यामुखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootज्यामुख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
बाणसङ्घान्masses of arrows
बाणसङ्घान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाणसङ्घ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गाण्डीवमुक्तान्released from Gāṇḍīva
गाण्डीवमुक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगाण्डीवमुक्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आपततःfalling down, rushing down
आपततः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआपतत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शिताग्रान्sharp-pointed
शिताग्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशिताग्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
गजान्elephants
गजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वर्मिणःarmored warriors
वर्मिणः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्मिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आददानान्taking away (their lives), seizing
आददानान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-दा
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःthe son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्will regret, will be pained
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-तप्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhārtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
G
Gāṇḍīva
A
arrows (bāṇa)
H
horses (haya)
E
elephants (gaja)
A
armored warriors (varmiṇaḥ)
B
battle/war (yuddha)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores moral accountability: initiating an unjust war (adharma) brings inevitable consequences, and recognition of wrongdoing often arrives only when suffering becomes undeniable. Power and pride cannot shield one from the ethical weight of one’s choices.

Sañjaya foretells the battlefield scene where Arjuna’s Gāṇḍīva sends down deadly volleys. Seeing his forces—horses, elephants, and armored fighters—cut down, Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son (Duryodhana) is predicted to be consumed by regret for having set the war in motion.