Shloka 22
उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्
राजा अच्छी तरह परीक्षा किये बिना किसीको अपना मन्त्री न बनावे; क्योंकि धनकी प्राप्ति और मन्त्रकी रक्षाका भार मन्त्रीपर ही रहता है। जिसके धर्म, अर्थ और कामविषयक सभी कार्योंको पूर्ण होनेके बाद ही सभासदगण जान पाते हैं, वही राजा समस्त राजाओंमें श्रेष्ठ है। अपने मन्त्रको गुप्त रखनेवाले उस राजाको निस्संदेह सिद्धि प्राप्त होती है ।। १९-- २१ || अप्रशस्तानि कार्याणि यो मोहादनुतिष्ठति । स तेषां विपरिभ्रंशाद् भ्रंश्यते जीवितादपि,जो मोहवश बुरे (शास्त्रनिषिद्ध) कर्म करता है, वह उन कार्योंका विपरीत परिणाम होनेसे अपने जीवनसे भी हाथ धो बैठता है
rājā samyak parīkṣyaiva kañcid amātyaṃ na niyojayet | dhanalābhasya mantrarākṣaṇasya ca bhāro hy amātye pratiṣṭhitaḥ || dharmārthakāmaviṣayāḥ sarve 'pi yasya karmāṇi sampūrṇāny eva sabhāsadaḥ paścād jānanti sa rājā sarvarājānāṃ variṣṭhaḥ || yaḥ svamantraṃ gopayati tasya niścayena siddhir bhavati || apraśastāni kāryāṇi yo mohād anutiṣṭhati | sa teṣāṃ viparibhraṃśād bhraṃśyate jīvitād api ||
Vidura advises that a king should not appoint anyone as a minister without thorough testing, for the burdens of acquiring wealth and safeguarding state counsel rest chiefly upon the minister. The best of kings is one whose undertakings in dharma, prosperity, and pleasure are understood by the members of the court only after those aims have been fully accomplished—so well are his plans concealed. Such a ruler, who keeps his counsel secret, surely attains success. But one who, through delusion, engages in blameworthy and scripture-forbidden actions is ruined by their perverse outcomes and may even lose his life.
विदुर उवाच
Educational Q&A
A ruler must carefully test and appoint ministers, protect confidential counsel, and avoid forbidden or blameworthy actions; secrecy and disciplined policy lead to success, while deluded wrongdoing brings ruin—even death.
In Vidura’s counsel (nīti) during the Udyoga Parva, he instructs the king on prudent governance: selecting trustworthy ministers, keeping plans concealed until fulfilled, and recognizing that improper acts rebound disastrously.