Shloka 33

Chapter 78: Royal Responsibility for Wealth, Social Order, and the Protection of Dvijas

Kekaya Exemplum

Devanagari script

तस्माद्‌ राज्ञा विशेषेण विकर्मस्था द्विजातय: । नियम्या: संविभज्याश्न तदनुग्रहकारणात्‌

Transliteration

tasmād rājñā viśeṣeṇa vikarmasthā dvijātayaḥ | niyamyāḥ saṁvibhajyāśnan tad-anugraha-kāraṇāt ||

Translation

Therefore, the king, with special care, should restrain those twice-born who have fallen into wrongful conduct, and should ensure that they partake only after proper allotment—doing so as an act of governance meant for their correction and welfare.

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: neuter, ablative, singular

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• विशेषेण: especially/particularly
• विशेषेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष
• Form: masculine, instrumental, singular

• विकर्मस्थाः: those engaged in improper acts
• विकर्मस्थाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विकर्मस्थ
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• द्विजातयः: twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
• द्विजातयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजाति
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• नियम्याः: to be restrained/should be controlled
• नियम्याः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियम्य
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural, gerundive (future passive participle) from √यम् with नि-

• संविभज्य: having apportioned/distributed
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + वि + √भज्
• Form: absolutive (gerund), parasmaipada (usage)

• अश्नन्: they eat/partake
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अश्
• Form: present, 3rd, plural, parasmaipada

• तत्: of that/its
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: neuter, genitive, singular

• अनुग्रहकारणात्: for the reason of favor/for showing grace
• अनुग्रहकारणात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुग्रहकारण
• Form: neuter, ablative, singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• rājā (the king)
• dvijātayaḥ (the twice-born)