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Shloka 11

राज्ञो वृत्त-गुण-संग्रहः (Conduct and the Thirty-Six Virtues of a King) / The King’s Code of Conduct

प्रहरेन्न त्वविज्ञाय हत्वा शत्रूनू न शोचयेत्‌ । क्रोधं कुर्यान्न चाकस्मान्मृदुः स्यान्नापकारिषु,३३-बिना जाने किसीपर प्रहार न करे। ३४-शत्रुओंको मारकर शोक न करे। ३५- अकस्मात्‌ किसीपर क्रोध न करे तथा ३६-कोमल हो, परंतु अपकार करनेवालोंके लिये नहीं

praharenna tv avijñāya hatvā śatrūn na śocayet | krodhaṃ kuryān na cākasmān mṛduḥ syān nāpakāriṣu ||

Bhīṣma said: One should not strike without first understanding the matter. Having slain enemies, one should not lapse into grief. One should not give way to sudden, unprovoked anger; and one should be gentle—yet not toward those who do harm.

प्रहरेत्should strike/attack
प्रहरेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हृ (धातु)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अविज्ञायwithout knowing/without ascertaining
अविज्ञाय:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअविज्ञाय (वि-ज्ञा धातोः ल्यप्)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहत्वा (हन् धातोः क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
शत्रून्enemies
शत्रून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोचयेत्should grieve/should lament
शोचयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशुच् (धातु) (णिच्)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada, causative (णिच्)
क्रोधम्anger
क्रोधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
कुर्यात्should do/make
कुर्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आकस्मात्suddenly/without cause
आकस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआकस्मात्
मृदुःgentle/soft
मृदुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपकारिषुtowards wrongdoers/harm-doers
अपकारिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअपकारिन्
Formmasculine, locative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemies (śatravaḥ)

Educational Q&A

Act with discernment and restraint: verify before using force, do not be consumed by remorse after necessary battle, avoid causeless anger, and practice gentleness tempered by firmness toward harm-doers.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira principles of disciplined action and emotional control suited to governance and conflict.