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Shloka 16

Kṣātra-dharma as the Public Foundation of Dharma (क्षात्रधर्म-प्रशंसा)

वेदानधीत्य धर्मेण राजशास्त्राणि चानघ । संतानादीनि कर्माणि कृत्वा सोम॑ निषेव्य च,निष्पाप नरेश! राजाको चाहिये कि पहले धर्माचरण-पूर्वक वेदों तथा राजशास्त्रोंका अध्ययन करे। फिर संतानोत्पादन आदि कर्म करके यज्ञमें सोमरसका सेवन करे। समस्त प्रजाओंका धर्मके अनुसार पालन करके राजसूय, अश्वमेध तथा दूसरे-दूसरे यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान करे। शास्त्रोंकी आज्ञाके अनुसार सब सामग्री एकत्र करके ब्राह्मणोंको दक्षिणा दे। संग्राममें अल्प या महान्‌ विजय पाकर राज्यपर प्रजाकी रक्षाके लिये अपने पुत्रको स्थापित कर दे। पुत्र न हो तो दूसरे गोत्रके किसी श्रेष्ठ क्षत्रियको राज्यसिंहासनपर अभिषिक्त कर दे। वक्ताओंमें श्रेष्ठ क्षत्रियशिरोमणि पाण्डुनन्दन! पितृयज्ञों-द्वारा विधिपूर्वक पितरोंका, देवयज्ञोंद्वारा देवताओंका तथा वेदोंके स्वाध्यायद्वारा ऋषियोंका यत्नपूर्वक भली-भाँति पूजन करके अन्तकाल आनेपर जो क्षत्रिय दूसरे आश्रमोंको ग्रहण करनेकी इच्छा करता है, वह क्रमश: आश्रमोंको अपनाकर परम सिद्धिको प्राप्त होता है

vedān adhītya dharmeṇa rājaśāstrāṇi cānagha | santānādīni karmāṇi kṛtvā somaṁ niṣevya ca ||

Bhishma said: “O sinless king, a ruler should first study the Vedas and the science of kingship in a spirit of dharma. Thereafter, having performed the duties beginning with begetting offspring, he should partake of Soma in sacrifice. Thus grounded in sacred learning and lawful conduct, he becomes fit to uphold his people and pursue the royal path of righteous prosperity.”

वेदान्the Vedas
वेदान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अधीत्यhaving studied
अधीत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अधी)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
धर्मेणby/according to dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राजशास्त्राणिtreatises on kingship/politics
राजशास्त्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजशास्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनघO sinless one
अनघ:
TypeNoun
Rootअनघ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संतानादीनिprocreation and other (duties)
संतानादीनि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंतानादि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
कर्माणिacts/rites
कर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
सोमम्Soma (soma-juice)
सोमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसोम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
निषेव्यhaving partaken/consumed
निषेव्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-सेव्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund; -य form), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (addressee: anagha)
V
Vedas
R
Rājaśāstra (science of kingship)
S
Soma

Educational Q&A

A king’s authority must rest on disciplined study and dharma: first master the Vedas and political-royal science, then perform household and sacrificial duties (including Soma rites). Legitimate rule is portrayed as an outgrowth of learning, self-restraint, and prescribed obligation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira in the broader context) and lays out a sequence for royal life: education in sacred and political knowledge, fulfillment of lineage and ritual responsibilities, and thereby becoming qualified to govern righteously.