Shloka 4

Āśrama-dharma: Duties of the Four Life-Stages (आश्रमधर्मः)

Devanagari script

कोशं दण्डं च दुर्ग च सहायान्‌ मन्त्रिणस्तथा । ऋत्विक्पुरोहिताचार्यान्‌ कीदृशान्‌ वर्जयेन्नप:,“राजाको किस प्रकारके कोश, दण्ड, दुर्ग, सहायक, मन्त्री, ऋत्विकू, पुरोहित और आचार्योंका त्याग कर देना चाहिये?

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: kośaṃ daṇḍaṃ ca durgaṃ ca sahāyān mantriṇas tathā | ṛtvik-purohita-ācāryān kīdṛśān varjayen nṛpaḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana said: “What kind of treasury, coercive power (punishment/army), fortifications, allies, ministers, and what sort of officiating priests, royal chaplains, and teachers should a king renounce (i.e., avoid or dismiss)?”

Word by Word

• कोशम्: treasury
• कोशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दण्डम्: punishment/rod (authority)
• दण्डम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दुर्गम्: fort
• दुर्गम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्ग
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सहायान्: helpers/allies
• सहायान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहाय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• मन्त्रिणः: ministers/counsellors
• मन्त्रिणः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्रिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• ऋत्विक्: sacrificial priests (ṛtviks)
• ऋत्विक्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत्विज्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• पुरोहित: royal chaplains (purohitas)
• पुरोहित: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरोहित
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• आचार्यान्: teachers/preceptors
• आचार्यान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• कीदृशान्: of what kind?
• कीदृशान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कीदृश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वर्जयेत्: should avoid/abandon
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृज् (वर्ज्)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• नृपः: the king
• नृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• nṛpa (king)
• kośa (treasury)
• daṇḍa (punitive/royal power)
• durga (fort)
• sahāya (allies/helpers)
• mantrin (ministers)
• ṛtvik (officiating priests)
• purohita (royal chaplain)
• ācārya (teachers/preceptors)