Shloka 20

Rājā–Rāja-Śabda-Prabhavaḥ — The Origin and Rationale of Kingship and Daṇḍanīti

Devanagari script

अगम्यागमनं चैव वाच्यावाच्यं तथैव च । भक्ष्याभक्ष्यं च राजेन्द्र दोषादोषं च नात्यजन्‌,राजेन्द्र! उन्होंने अगम्यागमन, वाच्य-अवाच्य, भक्ष्य-अभक्ष्य तथा दोष-अदोष कुछ भी नहीं छोड़ा

Transliteration

agamya-āgamanaṃ caiva vācyāvācyaṃ tathaiva ca | bhakṣyābhakṣyaṃ ca rājendra doṣādoṣaṃ ca nātyajan ||

Translation

Bhishma said: O best of kings, they did not refrain from anything—going to forbidden places and persons, speaking what should or should not be spoken, eating what is permitted or forbidden, or committing acts that are blameworthy or blameless. In their conduct, no boundary of propriety was left untransgressed.

Word by Word

• अगम्य: forbidden/inaccessible
• अगम्य: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अगम्य (गम् धातु से; ‘जिसमें जाना न चाहिए/न जा सकें’)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• आगमनम्: going/approach
• आगमनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आगमन (आ + गम्)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• वाच्य: sayable/proper to be said
• वाच्य: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाच्य (वच् धातु से; ‘कहने योग्य’)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अवाच्यम्: unsayable/improper to be said
• अवाच्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवाच्य (वच् धातु से; ‘न कहने योग्य’)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भक्ष्य: edible/permissible to eat
• भक्ष्य: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भक्ष्य (भक्ष् धातु से; ‘खाने योग्य’)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अभक्ष्यम्: inedible/forbidden to eat
• अभक्ष्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभक्ष्य (भक्ष् धातु से; ‘न खाने योग्य’)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• राजेन्द्र: O king of kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजेन्द्र (राजन् + इन्द्र)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• दोष: fault/vice
• दोष: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अदोषम्: no-fault/virtue (faultlessness)
• अदोषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदोष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• अत्यजत्: did not abandon/leave
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (परस्मैपदी)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• rājendra (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)