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Shloka 20

पितृयज्ञे नारायणतत्त्वम् — The Nārāyaṇa Grounding of Ancestral Offerings

दैवतं कतमं होतदुत्तमां गतिमास्थितम्‌ । सुनिश्चितमिहायाति विमुक्तमिव नि:स्पृहम्‌

daivataṁ katamaṁ hotad uttamāṁ gatim āsthitam | niścinītam ihāyāti vimuktam iva niḥspṛham ||

Śuka said: “Which deity is that—established in the highest state—toward whom one comes here with certainty, as if already liberated, free from craving and possessiveness?”

दैवतंdivinity; deity; fate
दैवतं:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदैवत
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कतमंwhich (one) among (many)?
कतमं:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकतम
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
होतत्the Hotṛ priest (invoking priest)
होतत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहोतृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमांhighest; best
उत्तमां:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्course; path; state; goal
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थितम्having attained/assumed; having taken (as a state)
आस्थितम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सुनिश्चितम्well-determined; firmly resolved; certain
सुनिश्चितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-निश्चित
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इहhere; in this world/at this point
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आयातिcomes; arrives; reaches
आयाति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-या
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विमुक्तम्freed; released; liberated
विमुक्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-मुक्त
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इवas if; like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
नि:स्पृहम्desireless; free from longing
नि:स्पृहम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनि:स्पृह
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

शुक उवाच

Ś
Śuka
D
daivata (unspecified deity/divine principle)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames liberation as a state marked by niḥspṛhatā (freedom from craving). It asks which divine reality, being established in the highest goal, is approached with certainty by one who has become inwardly detached—suggesting that true spiritual attainment is inseparable from desirelessness.

Śuka, in the didactic setting of Śānti Parva, poses a probing question about the supreme object of realization or worship: which ‘daivata’ is truly the highest, such that approaching it is tantamount to liberation—like one already freed from worldly grasping.