Shloka 48

Saṃhāra-krama (The Sequence of Cosmic Dissolution) — Yājñavalkya’s Discourse

Devanagari script

अरतिं दुर्जयां चैव घोरां तृष्णां च पार्थिव । स्पर्श निद्रां तथा तन्द्रीं दुर्जयां नृपसत्तम

Transliteration

aratiṁ durjayāṁ caiva ghorāṁ tṛṣṇāṁ ca pārthiva | sparśa-nidrāṁ tathā tandrīṁ durjayāṁ nṛpasattama ||

Translation

Bhīṣma said: “O king, there are forces exceedingly hard to conquer—restlessness, dreadful craving, the lure of sensual touch, sleep, and lethargy. They overpower even the best of rulers unless they are restrained.”

Word by Word

• aratim: discontent, aversion
• aratim: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: arati
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• durjayām: hard to conquer
• durjayām: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: durjaya
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca

• eva: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva

• ghorām: terrible, dreadful
• ghorām: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• tṛṣṇām: craving, thirst
• tṛṣṇām: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛṣṇā
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• ca: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca

• pārthiva: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: pārthiva
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• sparśa: touch (sense-contact)
• sparśa: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: sparśa
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• nidrām: sleep
• nidrām: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: nidrā
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• tathā: also, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā

• tandrīm: drowsiness, lethargy
• tandrīm: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: tandrī
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• durjayām: hard to conquer
• durjayām: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: durjaya
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• nṛpasattama: O best of kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa-sattama
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (pārthiva / nṛpasattama)